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. 2020 May 8;127(11):1569–1577. doi: 10.1007/s00702-020-02198-8

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Incorporation of microglia and blood vessels into neural organoids. This fig. shows recent publications describing (1) the generation of brain region specific neural organoids (Jo et al. 2016; Qian et al. 2016; Xiang et al. 2019), (2) the incorporation of microglia into neural organoids and (3) the incorporation of a vascular system into neural organoids as well as the so far demonstrated advantages of increasing organoid complexity. The phase contrast image (left side) shows undifferentiated iPSCs in 2D culture. The immunofluorescence image (right side) shows an immature neural organoid generated from hiPSCs stained for Sox1 (neural stem cells—> red), MAP2 (neurons—> yellow), and N-Cadherin (green). Graphical elements within this schematic were taken from the image bank from Servier Medical Art licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0)