Table 5.
The association of between environmental risk score (ERS) and HOMA β-cell function (HOMA-β) at baseline.
| ERS quartiles | Quartile 1 | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 | P for trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Percentage change (95% CI) in HOMA-βa | −8.96% (−13.89%, −3.77%) | −5.99% (−10.72%, −1.00%) | −7.97% (−12.40%, −3.31%) | Ref | <0.0001 |
Linear regression model was adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, study site, education level, annual household income, body mass index, smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity score, menopausal status, hormone therapy, dietary intake of seafood and rice, total zinc intake from diets and supplements, total energy intake, and urinary specific gravity.