In addition to the current approach of generating and synthesizing evidence for estimating cost effectiveness, expanding the scope of pharmacoeconomic models by incorporating pharmacometric modeling and simulation-derived estimates for safety, efficacy, and effectiveness can provide value in drug development and clinical practice as shown in the published literature.

An opportunity exists for greater collaboration between clinical pharmacologists, pharmacoeconomists, and health outcomes researchers by leveraging the close alignment in their respective modeling methodologies to answer questions regarding cost-effectiveness and reimbursement decisions.