Table 2.
Association of maternal SCH and adverse pregnancy outcomes according to 2011 ATA standard.
| Outcomes | ET, n (%) | SCH2011, n (%) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Model I OR (95% CI) | Model II OR (95% CI) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ET | SCH2011 | P-value | ET | SCH2011 | P-value | ET | SCH2011 | P-value | |||
| PIH | 15 (1.5%) | 22 (3.8%) | 1 (ref) | 2.49 (1.28–4.84) | 0.007 | 1 (ref) | 3.86 (1.81–8.23) | <0.001 | 1 (ref) | 4.27 (1.95–9.33) | <0.001 |
| Preeclampsia | 5 (0.5%) | 12 (2.1%) | 1 (ref) | 4.05 (1.42–11.54) | 0.009 | 1 (ref) | 6.08 (1.82–20.28) | 0.003 | 1 (ref) | 7.40 (2.08–26.35) | 0.002 |
| GDM | 194 (20%) | 116 (19.8%) | 1 (ref) | 0.99 (0.77–1.28) | 0.943 | 1 (ref) | 1.09 (0.83–1.44) | 0.524 | 1 (ref) | 1.07 (0.81–1.41) | 0.644 |
| CS | 353 (36.4%) | 216 (36.9%) | 1 (ref) | 1.03 (0.83–1.27) | 0.821 | 1 (ref) | 1.21 (0.96–1.53) | 0.115 | 1 (ref) | 1.25 (0.98–1.59) | 0.069 |
| Preterm delivery | 468 (48.2%) | 277 (47.4%) | 1 (ref) | 0.97 (0.79–1.19) | 0.746 | 1 (ref) | 1.14 (0.91–1.43) | 0.259 | 1 (ref) | 1.15 (0.92–1.45) | 0.223 |
| Postpartum hemorrhage | 12 (1.2%) | 13 (2.2%) | 1 (ref) | 1.82 (0.82–4.01) | 0.139 | 1 (ref) | 1.48 (0.65–3.33) | 0.348 | 1 (ref) | 1.54 (0.68–3.52) | 0.303 |
| Placenta previa | 13 (1.3%) | 11 (1.9%) | 1 (ref) | 1.41 (0.63–3.17) | 0.403 | 1 (ref) | 2.31 (0.96–5.56) | 0.062 | 1 (ref) | 2.21 (0.92–5.32) | 0.078 |
| Placenta abruption | 1 (0.1%) | 1 (0.2%) | 1 (ref) | 1.66 (0.10–26.61) | 0.720 | 1 (ref) | 1.99 (0.11–36.51) | 0.644 | 1 (ref) | 1.94 (0.09–40.65) | 0.670 |
| Dystocia | 14 (1.4%) | 8 (1.4%) | 1 (ref) | 0.95 (0.40–2.27) | 0.904 | 1 (ref) | 0.94 (0.38–2.33) | 0.891 | 1 (ref) | 0.93 (0.38–2.29) | 0.868 |
| Low birth weight | 26 (2.7%) | 25 (4.3%) | 1 (ref) | 1.62 (0.93–2.84) | 0.090 | 1 (ref) | 2.00 (1.06–3.76) | 0.032 | 1 (ref) | 1.93 (1.02–3.62) | 0.042 |
| Preterm birth | 468 (48.2%) | 277 (47.4%) | 1 (ref) | 0.97 (0.79–1.19) | 0.746 | 1 (ref) | 1.14 (0.91–1.43) | 0.223 | 1 (ref) | 1.15 (0.92–1.45) | 0.223 |
| Macrosomia | 47 (4.8%) | 27 (4.6%) | 1 (ref) | 0.95 (0.59–1.55) | 0.840 | 1 (ref) | 0.94 (0.57–1.57) | 0.823 | 1 (ref) | 0.94 (0.56–1.58) | 0.801 |
| Fetal distress | 17 (1.8%) | 15 (2.6%) | 1 (ref) | 1.48 (0.73–2.98) | 0.278 | 1 (ref) | 1.68 (0.79–3.57) | 0.179 | 1 (ref) | 1.71 (0.80–3.69) | 0.168 |
| Fetal asphyxia | 3 (0.3%) | 2 (0.3%) | 1 (ref) | 1.11 (0.18–6.64) | 0.912 | 1 (ref) | 0.92 (0.08–10.11) | 0.948 | 1 (ref) | 0.86 (0.08–9.36) | 0.903 |
| Fetal deformities | 12 (1.2%) | 2 (0.3%) | 1 (ref) | 0.27 (0.06–1.23) | 0.091 | 1 (ref) | 0.74 (0.12–4.37) | 0.736 | 1 (ref) | 0.64 (0.08–4.78) | 0.659 |
| Stillbirth | 9 (0.9%) | 3 (0.5%) | 1 (ref) | 0.55 (0.15–2.04) | 0.373 | 1 (ref) | 0.48 (0.09–2.51) | 0.387 | 1 (ref) | 0.53 (0.10–2.96) | 0.470 |
| Total adverse | 481 (49.5%) | 290 (49.6%) | 1 (ref) | 1.00 (0.82–1.23) | 0.989 | 1 (ref) | 1.14 (0.91–1.43) | 0.268 | 1 (ref) | 1.17 (0.93–1.47) | 0.177 |
| maternal outcomes | |||||||||||
| Total adverse | 513 (52.8%) | 299 (51.1%) | 1 (ref) | 0.93 (0.76–1.15) | 0.510 | 1 (ref) | 1.18 (0.94–1.48) | 0.150 | 1 (ref) | 1.18 (0.94–1.49) | 0.155 |
| neonatal outcomes | |||||||||||
Model I, adjusted for maternal age, pregestational BMI, and gestation age; Model II, adjusted for maternal age, pregestational BMI, gestational age, number of previous pregnancies, number of previous births, primiparity, and gestational weight gain.