Table 3.
Association of maternal SCH and adverse pregnancy outcomes according to the 2017 ATA standard.
| Outcomes | ET, n (%) | SCH2017, n (%) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Model I OR (95% CI) | Model II OR (95% CI) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ET | SCH2017 | P-value | ET | SCH2017 | P-value | ET | SCH2017 | P-value | |||
| PIH | 27 (1.9%) | 10 (6.6%) | 1 (ref) | 3.59 (1.70–7.57) | 0.001 | 1 (ref) | 5.12 (2.31–11.38) | <0.001 | 1 (ref) | 5.16 (2.30–11.54) | <0.001 |
| Preeclampsia | 9 (0.6%) | 8 (5.3%) | 1 (ref) | 8.61 (3.27–22.66) | <0.001 | 1 (ref) | 11.07 (3.80–32.24) | <0.001 | 1 (ref) | 10.91 (3.72–32.01) | <0.001 |
| GDM | 277 (19.7%) | 33 (21.7%) | 1 (ref) | 1.13 (0.75–1.70) | 0.562 | 1 (ref) | 1.21 (0.79–1.85) | 0.376 | 1 (ref) | 1.21 (0.79–1.85) | 0.373 |
| CS | 505 (36%) | 64 (42.1%) | 1 (ref) | 1.30 (0.92–1.82) | 0.136 | 1 (ref) | 1.62 (1.13–2.32) | 0.009 | 1 (ref) | 1.68 (1.16–2.42) | 0.006 |
| Preterm delivery | 663 (47.2%) | 82 (53.9%) | 1 (ref) | 1.31 (0.94–1.83) | 0.116 | 1 (ref) | 1.60 (1.12–2.29) | 0.009 | 1 (ref) | 1.65 (1.16–2.37) | 0.006 |
| Postpartum hemorrhage | 22 (1.6%) | 3 (2.0%) | 1 (ref) | 1.27 (0.37–4.28) | 0.705 | 1 (ref) | 1.08 (0.32–3.67) | 0.907 | 1 (ref) | 1.01 (0.29–3.48) | 0.986 |
| Placenta previa | 19 (1.4%) | 5 (3.3%) | 1 (ref) | 2.48 (0.91–6.74) | 0.075 | 1 (ref) | 3.81 (1.33–10.95) | 0.013 | 1 (ref) | 4.12 (1.42–11.97) | 0.009 |
| Placenta abruption | 2 (0.1%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (ref) | — | 0.996 | 1 (ref) | — | 0.996 | 1 (ref) | — | 0.996 |
| Dystocia | 19 (1.4%) | 3 (2.0%) | 1 (ref) | 1.47 (0.43–5.02) | 0.538 | 1 (ref) | 1.45 (0.42–5.04) | 0.560 | 1 (ref) | 1.46 (0.42–5.09) | 0.556 |
| Low birth weight | 42 (3%) | 9 (5.9%) | 1 (ref) | 2.04 (0.97–4.28) | 0.059 | 1 (ref) | 2.25 (1.03–4.92) | 0.042 | 1 (ref) | 2.19 (1.00–4.80) | 0.050 |
| Preterm birth | 663 (47.2%) | 82 (53.9%) | 1 (ref) | 1.31 (0.94–1.83) | 0.116 | 1 (ref) | 1.60 (1.12–2.29) | 0.009 | 1 (ref) | 1.65 (1.16–2.37) | 0.006 |
| Macrosomia | 68 (4.8%) | 6 (3.9%) | 1 (ref) | 0.81 (0.34–1.89) | 0.623 | 1 (ref) | 0.82 (0.35–1.96) | 0.662 | 1 (ref) | 0.83 (0.35–2.00) | 0.676 |
| Fetal distress | 26 (1.9%) | 6 (3.9%) | 1 (ref) | 2.18 (0.88–5.37) | 0.092 | 1 (ref) | 2.32 (0.91–5.87) | 0.077 | 1 (ref) | 2.27 (0.89–5.78) | 0.085 |
| Fetal asphyxia | 5 (0.4%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (ref) | — | 0.996 | 1 (ref) | — | 0.996 | 1 (ref) | — | 0.996 |
| Fetal deformities | 14 (1.0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (ref) | — | 0.996 | 1 (ref) | — | 0.996 | 1 (ref) | — | 0.996 |
| Stillbirth | 10 (0.7%) | 2 (1.3%) | 1 (ref) | 1.86 (0.40–8.56) | 0.426 | 1 (ref) | 1.48 (0.17–12.99) | 0.724 | 1 (ref) | 1.79 (0.20–16.12) | 0.603 |
| Total adverse | 686 (48.9%) | 85 (55.9%) | 1 (ref) | 1.33 (0.95–1.86) | 0.099 | 1 (ref) | 1.59 (1.09–2.31) | 0.015 | 1 (ref) | 1.61 (1.13–2.30) | 0.009 |
| maternal outcomes | |||||||||||
| Total adverse | 723 (51.5%) | 89 (58.6%) | 1 (ref) | 1.33 (0.95–1.87) | 0.099 | 1 (ref) | 1.69 (1.18–2.42) | 0.004 | 1 (ref) | 1.71 (1.19–2.44) | 0.004 |
| maternal outcomes | |||||||||||
Model I, adjusted for maternal age, pregestational BMI, and gestation age; Model II, adjusted for maternal age, pregestational BMI, gestational age, number of previous pregnancies, number of previous births, primiparity, and gestational weight gain.