Table 2.
Distribution of patients’ characteristics and their association with extreme corrected QT (QTc) prolongation among COVID-19 study population.
| Variable | Extreme QTc prolongation | No QTc prolongation | Univariate | Multivariate |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RR (CI), p value | RR (CI), p value | |||
| N | 20 | 67 | ||
| Age (mean ± SD) | 66±10.2 | 64 ± 13.3 | 1 (0.9–1.04); p:0.85 | – |
| Gender. male (%) | 16 (80) | 37 (55) | 3.2 (0.9–10); p:0.05 | 3.9 (0.9–16); p:0.06 |
| BMI> 30 kg/m2 . n (%) | 3 (15) | 12 (17.9) | 0.8 (0.2–3); p:0.80 | – |
| HR (bpm) median (IQR) | 76 (47–150) | 82 (50–137) | 1.01(0.9–1.04); p: 0.18 | – |
| QRS (ms) median (IQR) | 90 (80–100) | 90 (80–110) | 1.01 (0.96–1.07); p:0.54 | – |
| I degree AV block. n (%) | 2 (11.8) | 3 (4.3) | 2.7 (0.5–13); p: 0.20 | – |
| Smokers. n (%) | 1 (5) | 16 (23.5) | 0.16 (0.021–1.3); p:0.09 | 0.089 (0.007–1.18); p: 0.07 |
| AF. n (%) | 3 (15) | 8 (11.9) | 1.3 (0.3–5.4); p:0.71 | – |
| Dyslipidemia. n (%) | 7 (35) | 18 (26.9) | 1.46 (0.50–4.2); p: 0.48 | – |
| Hypertension. n (%) | 13 (65) | 45 (67) | 0.9 (0.3–2.6); p:0.85 | – |
| Diabetes Mellitus. n (%) | 6 (30) | 16 (23.9) | 1.37 (0.4–4.1); p:0.58 | – |
| CAD. n (%) | 5 (25) | 6 (9.1) | 3.4 (0.9–12); p: 0.07 | 2.3 (0.5–10); p:0.26 |
| DCM. n (%) | 2 (10) | 2 (3) | 3.6 (0.4–27); p: 0.21 | – |
| Previous ischemic stroke. n (%) | 5 (25) | 3 (4.5) | 7 (1.5–33); p: 0.012 | 14 (2–101); p: 0.007 |
| CKD (dialysis). n (%) | 3 (25) | 6 (9) | 1.8 (0.40–8); p: 0.44 | – |
| COPD. n (%) | 2 (10) | 11 (16.4) | 0.6 (0.1–2.7); p:0.50 | – |
| Orotracheal intubation. n (%) | 6 (30) | 10 (14.9) | 2.4 (0.7–7.8); p: 0.13 | – |
| Medical therapy: | ||||
| - ACEs/ARBs. n (%) | 6 (30) | 28 (32) | 0.9 (0.3–3); p:0.97 | – |
| - Ca-antagonists. n (%) | 5 (5) | 12 (17.9) | 0.27 (0.032–3); p: 0.22 | – |
| - Beta-blockers. n (%) | 5 (25) | 19 (28.4) | 0.24 (0.01–3); p: 0.40 | – |
| - Alfa-blockers. n (%) | 1 (5) | 3 (4.5) | 1.1 (0.1–11); p: 0.92 | – |
| - Amiodarone. n (%) | 0 | 3 (4.5) | p:0.99 | – |
| - IC AA drugs. n (%) | 0 | 3 (4.5) | p:0.99 | – |
| - Antiplatelet drugs. n (%) | 7 (35) | 14 (20.9) | 2 (0.7–6); p:0.2 | – |
| - Statin. n (%) | 4 (20) | 16 (23.9) | 0.8 (0.2–2.7); p:0.7 | – |
| - Anticoagulant. n (%) | 2 (10) | 6 (9) | 1.1 (0.2–6); p: 0.88 | – |
| - Digoxin. n (%) | 1 (5) | 2 (3) | 1.7 (0.14–19); p: 0.66 | – |
BMI, body mass index; HR, heart rate; AV, atrio-ventricular; AF, atrial fibrillation; CAD, coronary artery disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DCM, dilated cardiomyopathy; ACEI, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARBs, angiotensin II receptor blockers; AA, antiarrhythmic.