Table 10.
Bio-activity of nanoparticles synthesized using Terminalia sp. extracts.
| Plant species/Part used | Plant-nanoparticle | Bio-activity | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight & Arn. bark | Silver nanoparticles (TA-AgNPs) |
TA-AgNPs inhibited E. coli, while the extract exhibited non-effects on the organism. | (Ahmed et al., 2017) |
| Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight & Arn. leaf | Gold nanoparticles (TA-AuNPs) |
TA-AuNPs induces the mitotic cell division and pollen germination. TA-AuNPs showed a non-cytotoxic effect on Allium cepa root tip cells and Gloriosa superba pollen grains. | (Gopinath et al., 2013) |
| Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. fruit pericarp | Silver nanoparticles (TB-AgNPs) |
TB-AgNPs at 120 μg/mL killed 69.1% colon cancer cells and 65.2% breast cancer cells. The TB-AgNPs did not cause cytotoxic effects against normal cardiac and skeletal muscle cells. | (Nampoothiri et al., 2018) |
| Terminalia belerica (Gaertn.) Roxb. fruit | Copper nanoparticles (TM-CuONPs), Iron nanoparticles (TM-FeONPs), Zinc nanoparticles (TM-ZnONPs). |
Inhibition zone of TM-CuONPs, TM-FeONPs, and TM-ZnONPs against Staphylococcus aureus ranged from 22–24 mM. | (Akhter et al., 2019) |
| Terminalia catappa L. leaf | Silver nanoparticles (TC-AgNPs) |
TC-AgNPs showed antibacterial activity against both S. aureus and E. coli. Nylon cloth-TC-AgNPs exhibited antibacterial activity against the organisms with a strength of 3 to 13 times greater than TC-AgNPs. | (Rohaeti and Rakhmawati, 2017) |
| Terminalia chebula Retz. leaf | Gold nanoparticles (TC-AuNPs) | The antibacterial activity of TC-AuNPs against Gram-positive S. aureus was better than Gram-negative E. coli measured by the well diffusion method. | (Mohan Kumar et al., 2012) |
| Terminalia mantaly H. Perrier | Silver nanoparticles (TM-AgNPs) |
MIC values of the TM-AgNPs (3.12 µg/mL) were 40 times lower than those of the extract (125 µg/mL). | (Majoumouo et al., 2019) |
| Terminali arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight & Arn. bark extract | Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) |
Co-administration with green synthesized AuNPs with size ranging between 20 and 40 nM along with acetaminophen showed effective significant recovery in the hematological alterations of male Wistar rats. | (Mitra et al., 2019) |
| Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight & Arn. bark extract | Gold nanoparticles (TA-PdNPs) |
The TA-PdNPs were utilized as an efficient catalyst for Heck and Suzuki type C-C coupling reactions and degradation of organic dyes in aqueous medium making it useful in synthetic organic chemistry and the removal of toxic industrial pollutants, respectively. | (Garai et al., 2018) |
| Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight & Arn. bark extract | Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) |
AgNPs were spherical in shape ranges with 40–50 nM in size. These nanoparticles showed the inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. | (Koparde and Gaikwad, 2007) |
| Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. fruit extract | Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) |
AuNPs were spherical shape ranges with 20–30 nM and found to be effective against Candida tropicalis and Candida albicans isolated from clinical samples. AuNPs also effectively worked as free radical scavenging activity. | (Annavaram et al., 2017) |
| Termanilia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight & Arn. bark extract | Metal oxide nanoparticles: Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) and Zinc nanoparticles (ZnNPs) | CuNPs exhibited maximum antibacterial efficacy than ZnNPs against the entire organism tested. K. pneumoniae showed high resistance to both the biosynthesized nanoparticles. CuNPs exhibited maximum efficacy when compared to ZNPs in antihemolytic activity against hypotonic and heat-induced hemolysis of erythrocytes. | (Anuradha et al., 2017) |
| Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight & Arn. leaf extracts | Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) |
AuNPs were treated with two different concentrations (500 and 1,000 μM) of Gloriosa superba seeds. Au NPs exposure at 1,000 μM concentration has the most significant effect on seed germination rate and vegetative growth of G. superba. This is the first report on Au NPs as a biocompatibility material to enhance the seed yield of this endangered medicinal plant. | (Gopinath et al., 2013) |
| Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight & Arn. bark extract | Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) |
The in vitro antimicrobial activity was found to be effective for CuNPs dried at room temperature when compared to CuNPs dried at 70°C. From this study, CuNPs shows a very good antioxidant property. | (Yallappa et al., 2013) |
| Terminalia catappa L. leaf extract | Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) |
Terminalia catappa L. (TC) leaf extract was treated with chloroauric acid solutions, showing a rapid reduction of chloroaurate ions leading to the formation of highly stable AuNPs in solution. AuNPs (10–35 nM size; average size 21.9 nM) can be used as the reducing and stabilizing agent. | (Ankamwar, 2010) |