Table 2.

Descriptive statistics and comparison of means in a sample for all psychosocial protective variables

	M(SD)	Min./Max	A	C	t	95%CI
			(SE = .085)	(SE = .169)		LL/UL
Optimism	19.25(4.61)	1–12	−.69	.77	120.54**	18.93/19.56
Hope	35.87(4.75)	12–48	−.97	1.67	218.15**	35.55/36.19
Self-Efficacy	29.92(5.39)	10–40	−.43	.29	160.35**	29.55/30.29
Post-traumatic growth	31.35(13.81)	0–60	−.26	−.72	65.57*	30.42/32.29
Resilience	28.54(6.72)	0–40	−.64	.61	122.61**	28.08/28.99

M = Mean; SD = Standard deviation; Min = Minimum; Max = maximum; A = Asymmetry; C = Kurtosis; SE = Standard error; t = Student-t test for a sample; *p < .05; **p < .01; ns = not significant; 95% CI = confidence intervals; L.L. = lower limit; U.L. = upper limit