Table 1.
Anthropometric, cardiac, and biochemical parameters of each group
| Parameters | Normal group | MetS group | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (men) | 20 (52.6) | 20 (52.6) | 0.999**> |
| Age (year) | 34.24 ± 10.50 | 44.02 ± 11.01 | < 0.001* |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.26 ± 4.33 | 28.89 ± 4.78 | < 0.001* |
| WC (cm) | 85.76 ± 10.20 | 101.42 ± 9.48 | < 0.001* |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 100.45 ± 6.09 | 111.16 ± 8.67 | < 0.001* |
| WHR (cm) | 0.88 ± 0.07 | 0.92 ± 0.05 | < 0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 106.89 ± 9.62 | 123.92 ± 13.43 | < 0.001* |
| DBP (mmHg) | 68.66 ± 6.94 | 77.76 ± 9.56 | < 0.001* |
| FMD (%) | 4.17 ± 0.69 | 3.84 ± 0.55 | 0.024* |
| FBG (mmol/l) | 82.39 ± 6.04 | 96.26 ± 18.53 | < 0.001* |
| TG (mmol/l) | 113.71 ± 32.29 | 208.47 ± 69.29 | < 0.001* |
| TC (mmol/l) | 176.03 ± 40.32 | 208.58 ± 41.47 | < 0.001* |
| HDL-C (mmol/l) | 44.89 ± 7.51 | 38.45 ± 6.36 | < 0.001* |
| LDL-C (mmol/l) | 89.24 ± 23.92 | 97.82 ± 22.51 | < 0.001* |
| CRP (mg/dl) | 2.85 ± 1.05 | 4.11 ± 1.58 | < 0.001* |
| GPx-1 | 79.00 ± 38.60 | 21.75 ± 13.55 | < 0.001* |
| ET-1 (pg/ml) | 51.25 ± 8.95 | 97.30 ± 90.03 | < 0.001* |
Data are shown as mean ± standard deviation (SD) or frequancy and percentage
*
Two independent samples t-test or Mann-whitney test was used
**
Chi-square test was used
MetS: Metabolic syndrome; BMI: Body mass index; WC: Waist circumference; WHR: Waist-to-hip ratio; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; FMD: Flow-mediated dilation; FBG: Fasting blood glucose; TG: Triglyceride; TC: Total cholesterol; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; CRP: C-reactive protein; GPx-1: Glutathione peroxidase-1; ET-1: Endothelin-1