Table 2. Wingman-Connect Impact on Suicide Severity, Depression, and Occupational Impairment (Primary Outcomes) at 1-Month and 6-Month Follow-up.
| Variable | Score, Mean (SD) | Impacta | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wingman-Connect (n = 747) | Stress management (n = 737) | 1-mo follow-up | 6-mo follow-up | |||||||
| Baseline | 1 mo | 6 mo | Baseline | 1 mo | 6 mo | ES (95% CI) | P value | ES (95% CI) | P value | |
| Suicidal ideation severity | 13.72 (12.97) | 11.05 (13.25) | 10.76 (13.87) | 14.32 (13.34) | 13.43 (13.94) | 12.12 (13.50) | −0.23 (−0.39 to −0.09) | .001 | −0.13 (−0.29 to 0.01) | .06 |
| Depression symptoms | 20.11 (15.76) | 15.42 (16.93) | 13.36 (17.18) | 21.60 (16.81) | 18.38 (16.87) | 15.64 (15.21) | −0.24 (−0.41 to −0.08) | .002 | −0.16 (−0.34 to −0.02) | .03 |
| Occupational impairmentb | 0.27 (0.65) | 0.17 (0.62) | 0.29 (0.93) | 0.32 (0.72) | 0.25 (0.73) | 0.28 (0.94) | −0.14 (−0.31 to −0.02) | .02 | 0.01 (−.12 to .11) | .82 |
| Elevated scores, participants, No. (%)c,d | ||||||||||
| Suicidal ideation severity | 47 (6.3) | 50 (6.7) | 43 (5.8) | 67 (9.1) | 59 (8.0) | 52 (7.1) | 0.91 (0.70 to 1.21)e | .25 | 0.89 (0.67 to 1.19)e | .22 |
| Depression | 119 (15.9) | 83 (11.1) | 62 (8.3) | 151 (20.5) | 109 (14.8) | 83 (11.3) | 0.78 (0.64 to 0.97)e | .01 | 0.82 (0.63 to 1.05)e | .07 |
Abbreviation: ES, effect size.
Negative regression estimates and ESs indicate beneficial Wingman-Connect impact. All models were adjusted for class (random effect) and sex, age, race/ethnicity, and Air Force component.
Wingman-Connect benefit at 1 month was greater for personnel with more occupational problems at baseline, as evident by training condition × baseline interaction (relative change, −0.38; 95% CI, −0.78 to −0.08). No other baseline × treatment condition interactions were significant.
A suicide scale score greater than 34 was considered elevated. Elevated scores for suicidal ideation at 1 and/or 6 months were present among 77 participants (10.3%) in the Wingman-Connect group and 93 participants (12.6%) in the stress management group (odds ratio, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.61 to 1.07; P = .07; number needed to treat [ie, training in Wingman-Connect to reduce 1 person with elevated risk], 44).
A depression scale score greater than 35 was considered elevated. Elevated depression scores were present in 120 participants (16.1%) in the Wingman-Connect group and 154 participants (20.9%) in the stress management group (odds ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.64 to 0.97; P = .01; number needed to treat, 21).
Data are odds ratio (95% CI).