Table 1.

Distribution of 3120 Italian participants aged ≥ 15 years, according to their sleep dissatisfaction and insufficient sleep, overall and by demographic and socio-economic characteristics, and smoking status. Corresponding odds ratios° (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Italy, 2019.

	N	Sleep dissatisfaction		Insufficient sleep duration
		N (%)	OR (95% CI)	N (%)	OR (95% CI)
Total	3120	443 (14.2)		921 (29.5)
Sex
Male	1501	184 (12.3)	1.00^	449 (29.9)	1.00^
Female	1619	259 (16.0)	1.30 (1.05–1.60)	473 (29.2)	0.91 (0.78–1.07)
Age
< 45 years	1281	82 (6.4)	1.00^	223 (17.4)	1.00^
45–64 years	1039	172 (16.5)	2.81 (2.12–3.71)	354 (34.0)	2.39 (1.96–2.91)
≥ 65 years	800	189 (23.6)	4.17 (3.08–5.64)	345 (43.1)	3.25 (2.60–4.07)
P for trend			< 0.001		< 0.001
Education level
Low	1028	192 (18.7)	1.00^	395 (38.5)	1.00^
Intermediate	1579	202 (12.8)	0.93 (0.72–1.19)	420 (26.6)	0.81 (0.67–0.99)
High	513	50 (9.8)	0.73 (0.51–1.05)	106 (20.7)	0.61 (0.47–0.80)
P for trend			0.108		< 0.001
Perceived socioeconomic class
Low	428	93 (21.8)	1.00^	193 (45.2)	1.00^
Intermediate	2294	310 (13.5)	0.65 (0.49–0.87)	628 (27.4)	0.56 (0.44–0.70)
High	398	40 (9.9)	0.45 (0.29–0.70)	100 (25.1)	0.51 (0.37–0.71)
P for trend			< 0.001		< 0.001
Self-reported income
Low	1372	258 (18.8)	1.00^	515 (37.5)	1.00^
Intermediate	1004	118 (11.8)	0.64 (0.50–0.83)	271 (27.0)	0.74 (0.61–0.89)
High	744	67 (9.0)	0.51 (0.37–0.70)	136 (18.2)	0.49 (0.39–0.62)
P for trend			< 0.001		< 0.001
Smoking status
Never smoker	2055	287 (14.0)	1.00^	570 (27.8)	1.00^
Ex-smoker	378	62 (16.5)	0.92 (0.68–1.26)	125 (33.1)	0.93 (0.72–1.18)
Current smoker	687	94 (13.6)	1.10 (0.84–1.44)	226 (32.9)	1.32 (1.08–1.61)

°ORs were estimated using unconditional multiple logistic regression models after adjustment for age groups (< 25; 25–44; 45–64; ≥ 65 years), sex, level of education and geographic area. Estimates in bold are statistically significant at 0.05 level.

^Reference category.