Table 3.

Comparison of deformation numerical and experimental results using the incremental and Hansel–Spittel constitutive models.

Result	Experiment	Incremental Model		Hansel–Spittel
		Result	Difference (%)	Result	Difference (%)
${ϵ}_z$	2.08	2.10	0.96	2.13	2.4
$\mathrm{d}\psi /\mathrm{d}z$	52.1 °C/m	44 °C/m	15.6	54.8 °C/m	5.18
$t_{tubeavg}$	27.75 mm	27.83 mm	0.29	27.41 mm	1.23
$e_c$	3.75%	3.84%	2.40	5.44%	45.1