Table 2.

Psychological distress (PD) by the study variables (N = 389).

Variable	Psychological Distress Mean (SD)	F/t-test/Pearson Correlation
Overall (7–28)	15.57 (3.72)
Age		F = 1.84
20–25	15.97 (4.22)
26–30	15.49 (3.49)
31–35	15.01 (3.14)
Gender		t =2.02 *
Male	14.80 (4.09)
Female	15.76 (3.61)
Marital status		t = 3.97 **
Married	14.37 (2.99)
Other	15.92 (3.85)
Have kids		t = 2.51 *
Yes	14.71 (3.08)
No	15.77 (3.83)
Education		t = 0.86
Secondary education	15.78 (4.14)
Post-secondary education	15.43 (3.44)
Parents’ education		t = 2.48 *
Both academic	15.06 (3.61)
Other	16.00 (3.77)
Currently studying		t = −0.85
Yes	15.73 (3.86)
No	15.41 (3.59)
Health problems/limitations		t = −2.97 **
Yes	16.81 (3.71)
No	15.32 (3.68)
Employment		t = −3.82 **
Yes	15.08 (3.57)
No	16.61 (3.84)
Perceived income adequacy in routine times		t =−3.57 **
Difficulties in covering monthly expenses	17.39 (3.95)
No difficulties in covering monthly expenses	15.32 (3.63)
Perceived income adequacy during COVID-19		t = −5.71 **
Emerging difficulties in covering monthly expenses	16.89 (3.74)
No difficulties in covering monthly expenses	14.75 (3.48)
Perceived trust		t = 4.87 **
Yes	14.83 (3.41)
No	16.73 (3.88)
Trust in institutions (3–12)		r = −0.18 **
Optimism (6–30)		r = −0.52 **
Mastery (7–35)		r = −0.45 **
Loneliness		F = 107.11 **
Never-Infrequently	13.30 (2.83)
Sometimes	16.01 (3.12) a
Often	19.25 (3.07) a,b
Feeling more loneliness during COVID-19		t = −6.99 **
Yes	16.86 (3.65)
No	14.24 (3.45)

Note. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01. ^a Significantly different (p < 0.001) from never-infrequently (Bonferroni post-hoc); ^b Significantly different (p < 0.001) from sometimes (Bonferroni post-hoc).