Table 1.
Clinical parameters (A), SD (Z)-scores (B), and analytical (C) parameters and metabolic syndrome criteria, total and by sex (Mean ± SD).
| A | All (n = 75) | Boys (n = 43; 57.3%) | Girls (n = 32; 42.7%) | p |
| Age (years) | 10.05 ± 1.29 | 9.98 ± 1.32 | 10.16 ± 1.27 | 0.49 |
| Weight (kg) | 57.13 ± 12.15 | 58.07 ± 12.69 | 55.86 ± 11.44 | 0.70 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.29 ± 3.5 | 25.48 ± 3.95 | 25.04 ± 2.92 | 0.38 |
| WHtR | 0.56 ± 0.06 | 0.57 ± 0.07 | 0.55 ± 0.05 | 0.27 |
| Growth Percentile | 99.55 ± 5.31 | 94.65 ± 6.22 | 96.75 ± 3.51 | 0.09 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 106 ± 13 | 106 ± 14 | 107 ± 12 | 0.27 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 70 ± 12 | 70 ± 12 | 69 ± 13 | 0.89 |
| MAP (mmHg) | 81.92 ± 11.75 | 81.79 ± 11.81 | 82.09 ± 11.86 | 0.91 |
| HR (bpm) | 81.99 ± 12.50 | 79.36 ± 11.51 | 85.44 ± 13.08 | 0.04 |
| Adherence to MedDiet (points) | 9.35 ± 1.82 | 9.35 ± 1.92 | 9.34 ± 1.72 | 0.99 |
| cfPWV (m/s) | 5.70 (5.30–6.20) | 5.8 (5.4–6.4) | 5.6 (5.2–6.0) | 0.59 |
| B | All (n = 75) | Boys (n = 43; 57.3%) | Girls (n = 32; 42.7%) | p |
| Height | 0.87 ± 1.08 | 0.98 ± 0.90 | 0.72 ± 1.28 | 0.1 |
| Weight | 1.97 ± 1.30 | 2.00 ± 1.33 | 1.92 ± 1.27 | 0.7 |
| BMI | 1.91 ± 1.12 | 1.94 ± 1.25 | 1.88 ± 0.92 | 0.1 |
| SBP | 0.09 ± 1.22 | −0.02 ± 1.31 | 0.25 ± 1.11 | 0.3 |
| DBP | 0.63 ± 1.09 | 0.60 ± 1.02 | 0.67 ±1.20 | 0.6 |
| C | All (n = 75) | Boys (n = 43; 57.3%) | Girls (n = 32; 42.7%) | p |
| Glucose (mg/dL) NV: 70–110 mg/dL |
79.32 ± 9.00 | 79.59 ± 7.05 | 78.97 ± 11.19 | 0.07 |
| HbA1c (%) NV: 4.0–6.0 % |
5.25 ± 0.27 | 5.23 ± 0.26 | 5.28 ± 0.28 | 0.61 |
| Fasting insulin (µIU/mL) NV: 4–16 µUI/mL |
15.58 ± 7.45 | 14.64 ± 7.38 | 16.87 ± 7.48 | 0.65 |
| HOMA-IR NV: ≤3.4 |
3.08 ± 1.62 | 2.89 ± 1.56 | 3.34 ± 1.68 | 0.36 |
| Total Cholesterol (mg/dL) NV: <200 mg/dL |
151.07 ± 26.87 | 154.12 ± 30.37 | 147.03 ± 21.12 | 0.03 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) NV: <130 mg/dL |
85.00 ± 22.19 | 88.85 ± 25.45 | 79.90 ± 15.97 | 0.03 |
| HDL-Cholesterol (mg/dL) NV: >50 mg/dL |
50.03 ± 10.74 | 49.76 ± 10.87 | 50.39 ± 10.75 | 0.76 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) NV: <150 mg/dL |
67.50 (53.00–96.75) | 67.00 (48.00–89.50) | 68.00 (58.00–104.00) | 0.57 |
| Metabolic Syndrome Criteria | ||||
| Abdominal Circumference (≥90th percentile) | 8 (10.7%) | 6 (14.0%) | 2 (6.3%) | |
| SBP (>130 mg/dL) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| DBP (>85 mg/dL) | 8 (10.7%) | 6 (14.0%) | 2 (6.3%) | |
| Glucose (≥100 mg/dL) | 3 (4.1%) | 1 (2.3%) | 2 (6.5%) | |
| HDL-Cholesterol (<40 mg/dL) | 10 (13.5%) | 6 (14%) | 4 (12.9%) | |
| Triglycerides (>150 mg/dL) | 5 (6.8%) | 3 (7%) | 2 (6.5%) |
NV: Normal Values, BMI: Body Mass Index, WHtR: Waist/Height Ratio, SBP: Systolic Blood Pressure; DBP: Diastolic Blood Pressure, MAP: Mean Arterial Pressure. HR: Heart Rate. HbA1c: Hemoglobin A1c. HOMA-IR: Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance. MedDiet: Mediterranean diet, cfPWV: carotid-femoral Pulse Wave Velocity (reference levels of cfPWV normal-weight: boys 5.31 ± 0.04 m/s, girls 5.14 ± 0.07 m/s) [23].