Table 5.
Biochemical markers of Exertional Heat Stroke in the military.
| Biochemical Markers | Average Values ‡ | Range | Normative Values (Unit of Measurement) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) [22,38,40,42,43,46,47,54,60,61] | 6523.1 | 1251–27985.6 | 22–26 (U/L) # |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) [22,38,40,43,46,52,54,60,61] | 180.4 | 92.9–204.25 | 10–40 (U/L) # |
| Creatinine [40,43,46,47,52,54,60] | 1.89 | 1.4–1.96 | 0.6–1.3 (mg/dL) ^ |
| Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) [22,38,52,54,60,61] | 166.9 | 90.8–402 | 6–43 (U/L) # |
| Lactose dehydrogenase (LDH) [38,43,46,54,61] | 575.7 | 387.1–794.8 | 140–280 (U/L) ^ |
| Bicarbonate [43,47,54] | 18.9 * | 18.2–19.7 * | 21–29 (mmol/L) † |
| Anion gap [46] * | 24.3 * | NS | 10–20 (mEq/L) |
| Calcium [47,54,60] | 8.3 | 8.2–8.4 | 8.6–10.6 (mg/dL) † |
| Phosphate [38,54] | 0.85 | 0.8–8.89 | 0.8–1.5 (mmol/L) † |
| Sodium (Na+) [38] * | 124 * | 103–140 * | 133–146 (mmol/L) † |
| Potassium (K+) [38] * | 3.45 * | 1.8–4.8 * | 3.5–5.3 (mmol/L) † |
‡ Average of the values reported by the different studies; * Reported only by one study and values stated as reported in the study. NS: not stated. # Reference range for [61] was used; ^ reference range for [47] was used. † Reference range obtained from [64]. Note that ranges may vary slightly across the different studies.