Table 1.
Author and Year | Study Context | Number of Participants | Participant Information | Sampling Methods | Study Design |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wenya, Yu et al., 2016 | 11 tertiary hospitals in Shanghai | 1050 outpatients from different clinical departments with varying diseases | Male: 439 Female: 532 Age was normally distributed, with the most prevalent age group 30–39 (24.41%). |
Random selection | cross-sectional survey |
Liyang, Tang. 2011 | A household survey in 17 provinces | 3424 residents | Urban residents: 3209 (93.76%) Rural residents: 34 (6.24%) |
NR * | cross-sectional survey |
Jing Sun et al., 2017 Laiyang, Wu et al., 2016 † |
136 tertiary hospitals from 31 provinces | 27,475 outpatients, of which 3923 are senior outpatients older than 60 | Male: 8792 Female: 18,683 | Random selection and convenient sampling | cross-sectional survey |
Jay Pan et al., 2015 | Survey with residents who had visited hospitals in the past 2 weeks | 6393 residents | 2621 male, 3772 female Mean age: 57.3 y |
A multistage cluster sampling | cross-sectional survey |
Jinghua, Li et al., 2016 | Household survey in health care facilities in Jiling Province | 68 residents had at least one outpatient visit in the past 2 weeks in tertiary hospitals. | 29 male 39 female Age range: 45–64 y; |
A multi-stage stratified sampling | cross-sectional survey |
Jinzhu, Xie et al., 2017 | Three tertiary hospitals in Hubei Province | 300 outpatients | NR | NR | cross-sectional survey |
Chunlei, Han et al., 2012 | One Tertiary hospital in Shandong Province | 338 outpatients | Male 148 Female 190 |
A stratified random sampling | cross-sectional survey |
Qing Lu et al., 2016 | 3 public hospitals in Beijing | 318 outpatients | Male: 137 Female: 181 |
Random sampling | cross-sectional survey |
Jing Zhao et al., 2016 | A tertiary hospital | 197 outpatients | Male: 108 Female: 89 Mean age: 43.3 ± 7.3 |
Random sampling | cross-sectional survey |
Wenlong, Hu et al., 2007 | 2 tertiary hospital in Xuzhou | 386 outpatients | Male: 253 Female: 132 |
Random sampling | cross-sectional survey |
Yanxia, Yang et al., 2015 | A tertiary hospital | 1998 outpatients | 1998 outpatients Male: 993 Female: 995 Aged range: 20–70 |
NR | cross-sectional survey |
Rong Xu and Xinzhen, Jing. 2004 | A tertiary hospital in Guangdong Province | 304 outpatients | 304 outpatients Male: 120 Female: 175 |
NR | cross-sectional survey |
Junjie, Sun and Shuangqing, Li. 2018 | A tertiary hospital in Sichuan Province | 185 outpatients | Male: 68 Female: 117 |
Random sampling | cross-sectional survey |
Zhanwei, Zhou et al., 2011 | A tertiary hospital | 363 outpatients | Male: 211 Female: 152 Mean age: 45.3 ± 11.8 |
Random sampling | cross-sectional survey |
Caoxin, Bao et al., 2015 | 5 tertiary hospitals | 2170 outpatient | 2170 outpatients Male: 870 Female: 1300 |
Random sampling | cross-sectional survey |
Zhixiang, Teng et al., 2009 | Residents survey | 134 residents who visited the hospitals in the last year, of whom, 40 visited the tertiary hospital | NR | Convenient sampling | cross-sectional survey |
Jing Luan et al., 2013 | Residents survey | 510 residents | Male: 178 Female: 332 |
Random sampling | cross-sectional survey |
Jianjie, Zhang. 2018 |
Residents survey | 484 residents | NR | Random sampling | cross-sectional survey |
Chunhui, Ren. 2014 | Residents Survey |
329 participants | NR | NR | cross-sectional survey |
Weiming, Shao et al., 2017 | A tertiary hospital | 600 outpatients | NR | Random sampling | cross-sectional survey |
Ying Zou et al., 2014 | A Tertiary hospital in Xiniiang Province | 1300 outpatients | NR | Random sampling | cross-sectional survey |
Mengzhu, Deng et al., 2013 | A Tertiary hospital in Guangdong Province | 200 outpatients | Male: 110 Female: 90 |
Random sampling | cross-sectional survey |
Huilan, Luo et al., 2010 | A tertiary hospital in Guangdong Province | 1591 outpatients | NR | Random sampling | cross-sectional survey |
Zulipiye.et al., 2016 | A tertiary hospital in Xinjiang Province | 1300 outpatients | Female: 736 Male: 564 Age range: 18–69 y |
Random sampling | cross-sectional survey |
Jinping, Shu and Dian Zhou. 2016 | A tertiary hospital in Anhui Province | 396 outpatients | Male: 171 Female: 225 |
Stratified cluster sampling | cross-sectional survey |
Kai ling et al., 2009 | A tertiary hospital | 500 outpatients | Male: 307 Female: 193 Aged range: 60–85 |
NR | cross-sectional survey |
Yu Li et al., 2011 | Five tertiary Hospitals in Tianjian City | 995 outpatients | Male: 438 Female: 557 Aged range: 20–70 |
Random sampling | cross-sectional survey |
Qinghua, Zhang and Zhanhe, Liu. 2011 | A tertiary hospital in Hebei Province | 817 outpatients | NR | Random sampling | cross-sectional survey |
Fanzhi, Meng et al., 2016 | Residents survey covering 2 cities, 3 counties and 5 villages in Tibet province | 777 residents | Male: 369 Female: 408 Age range: 18–40 |
Stratified clustered random sampling | cross-sectional survey |
Jun Song et al., 2007 | A tertiary hospital in Jiangsu Province | 93 outpatients | Male: 49 Female: 44 Mean age: 37.6 ± 4.3 y |
Random sampling | cross-sectional survey |
Shi Guo et al., 2014 | A tertiary hospital in Anhui Province | 239 outpatients | Male: 118 Female: 121 |
Stratified random sampling | cross-sectional survey |
Xunming, Ji et al., 2010 | A tertiary hospital in Beijing | 504 outpatients | Media age: 47 | Convenient sampling | cross-sectional survey |
Li Ren and Haixuan, Xu. 2016 |
A tertiary hospital in Shandong Province | 488 outpatients | Male: 216 Female: 272 |
Random sampling | cross-sectional survey |
Guanghao, Jing and Shunfu, Piao. 2011 | A tertiary hospital | 597 outpatients | NR | NR | cross-sectional survey |
Lizhen, Deng and Suili, Rao. 2006 | A tertiary hospital | 1226 outpatients | NR | Random sampling | cross-sectional survey |
* NR means not reported. † This study was reported by two papers. Titles of each paper were listed in Supplementary Material 4.