Table 3.

Definitions of the CICI model categories (Pfadenhauer et al., 2017).

Elements	Definitions
Geographic context	The physical and resource aspects of the environment, both natural and human-transformed (e.g., infrastructure), which are available in a given space.
Epidemiological context	The disease network as well as the determinants of the population’s needs, including demography.
Sociocultural context	Comprises explicit and implicit behavior patterns, including their incorporation in the form of symbols. The essential culture core consists of ideas and values historically derived and selected that are shared by the members of a group. It refers not only to the conditions under which people are born, grow, live, and work or their ages, but also the social roles a human being assumes as a member of a family, of a community, or as a citizen, as well as the relationships inherent in these roles. Constructs such as knowledge, beliefs, concepts, customs, institutions and any other capacities and habits acquired by a group are included in this context.
Socioeconomic context	The social and economic resources of a community and its access by the population.
Ethical context	Moral reflections that encompass the norms, rules, patterns of conduct, and principles that guide the decision-making and behavior of individuals and institutions. The ethical, sociocultural, and legal aspects are strongly interrelated.
Legal context	The rules and regulations established to protect the rights of the population and the interests of society. Formally, these should be approved by a competent legislative body, such as a congress. The legal norms may be applied by order and coercion, which distinguishes them from ethical and social ones.
Political context	The distribution of power, resources, and interests among the population as a whole, as well as among organizations according to formal rules or information from the interactions between them. Also, the accessibility to the location offering the service, such as service delivery, leadership and governance, health information, human resources, and financing. Strongly related to the socioeconomic and sociocultural elements of the population in question.
Implementation theory	The implementation of a program theory seeks to explain the causal mechanisms of the implementation; it is, thus, analogous to a program theory, which explains the causal mechanisms that connect an intervention to its results. An implementation theory formalizes how a change needs to be executed so that the implementation effort is successful. Additionally, it serves as the basis for the implementation process and strategies.
Implementation process	The whole social process by which the implementation is operationalized. It relies on the tactics and methods used by change-promoting leaders. It is a multistage process that does not necessarily take place linearly. At some points, it is expected that the implementation agents will capture corrections, refinements, or expansions. The steps range from the evaluation of needs and community resources to agent awareness, program adoption, preparation, and changes necessary for implementation. The team should be well-informed about the program and information should be disseminated. This follows a pilot or initial implementation in which the intervention may be readjusted to accommodate the community’s daily routine, thus making it more sustainable.
Implementation strategy	The set of activities chosen and customized to fit the program theory in its delivery context. These strategies may change over time and they ensure the adoption of the program and future sustainability. This takes place prior to the actual implementation and refers to planning strategies and awareness of the implementation process.
Implementation agents	These are individuals who possess a combination of attributes, knowledge, skills, beliefs, positions, and attitudes that exercise significant influence on the implementation. Implementation agents could be either local public agency administrators or frontline professionals aware of and skilled in the implementation. The agents may also be recipients of the implementation or institutions when these entities play a primary role in the implementation.