Table 3.
Pearson chi-square comparison for participants with PND and those without.
| Variable | No PND n (%) | PND n (%) | Chi2 | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age of Mother | 134.79 | 0.00 | ||
| <30 years | 174 (100%) | 76 (32.76%) | ||
| ≥30 years | 0 (0) | 156 (67.24%) | ||
| Total | 174 | 232 | ||
| Home Language | 103.22 | 0.00 | ||
| Afrikaans | 5 (2.87%) | 0 | ||
| English | 46 (26.44%) | 0 | ||
| Local South African languages | 100 (57.47%) | 123 (53.02%) | ||
| Other African languages | 23 (13.22%) | 110 (41.51%) | ||
| Total | 174 | 232 | ||
| Level of Education | 110.32 | 0.00 | ||
| No formal education | 4 (2.30%) | 0 (0) | ||
| Primary | 53 (30.46%) | 0 (0) | ||
| Secondary | 117 (67.24%) | 190 (81.90%) | ||
| Tertiary | 0 (0) | 42 (18.10%) | ||
| Total | 174 | 232 | ||
| Marital Status | 117.44 | 0.00 | ||
| Never married | 0 (0) | 113 (48.71%) | ||
| Ever married | 174 (100%) | 119 (51.29%) | ||
| Total | 174 | 232 | ||
| Employment Status | 169.9 | 0.00 | ||
| Unemployed | 77 (44.25%) | 232 (100%) | ||
| Employed | 97 (55.75%) | 0 (0) | ||
| Total | 174 | 232 | ||
| Live With | 59.31 | 0.00 | ||
| Alone | 37 (21.26%) | 0 (0) | ||
| Family | 22 (12.64% | 57 (24.57%) | ||
| Husband/partner | 114 (65.52%) | 175 (75.43%) | ||
| Friend | 1 (0.57%) | 0 (0) | ||
| Total | 174 | 232 | ||
| Occupants: Adults | 72.41 | 0.00 | ||
| <3 | 141 (100%) | 187 (70.57%) | ||
| ≥3 | 0 (0) | 78 (29.43%) | ||
| Total | 174 | 232 | ||
| Variable | No PND n (%) | PND n (%) | Chi2 | p-Value |
| Occupants: Children | 95.59 | 0.00 | ||
| <3 | 174 (100%) | 135 (58.19%) | ||
| ≥3 | 0 (0) | 97 (41.81%) | ||
| Total | 174 | 232 | ||
| Household Income | 35.22 | 0.00 | ||
| R < 2000 | 158 (90.80%) | 152 (65.52%) | ||
| R ≥ 2000 | 16 (9.20%) | 80 (34.48%) | ||
| Total | 174 | 232 | ||
| Father’s Financial Support | 128.7 | 0.00 | ||
| No | 78 (44.83%) | 0 (0) | ||
| Yes | 96 (55.17%) | 232 (100%) | ||
| Total | 174 | 232 | ||
| Parity | 111.75 | 0.00 | ||
| <3 | 174 (100%) | 123 (53.02%) | ||
| ≥3 | 0 (0) | 109 (46.98%) | ||
| Total | 174 | 232 | ||
| Baby’s Age in Weeks | 113.40 | 0.00 | ||
| 1–10 weeks | 91 (52.30%) | 86 (37.07%) | ||
| 11–24 weeks | 83 (47.70%) | 71 (26.80%) | ||
| 25–48 weeks | 0 (0) | 105 (45.26%) | ||
| Total | 174 | 232 | ||
| Method of Delivery | 156.39 | 0.00 | ||
| Normal vaginal delivery | 83 (47.70%) | 265 (100%) | ||
| Caesarean section | 91 (52.30%) | 0 (0) | ||
| Total | 174 | 232 | ||
| Planned Baby | 243.60 | 0.00 | ||
| Unplanned baby | 126 (72.41%) | 0 (0) | ||
| Planned baby | 48 (27.59% | 232 (100%) | ||
| Total | 174 | 232 | ||
| Baby’s Health | 30.53 | 0.00 | ||
| Healthy | 174 (100%) | 195 (84.05%) | ||
| Sickly | 0 (0) | 37 (15.95%) | ||
| Total | 174 | 232 | ||
| Baby’s Preferred Sex | 227.89 | 0.00 | ||
| Girl | 0 (0) | 163 (70.26%) | ||
| Boy | 125 (71.84%) | 67 (28.88%) | ||
| No preferred sex | 49 (28.16%) | 0 (0) | ||
| I didn’t want a baby | 0 (0) | 2 (0.86%) | ||
| Total | 174 | 232 | ||
| Baby Breastfed | 124.67 | 0.00 | ||
| No | 76 (43.68%) | 0 (0) | ||
| Yes | 98 (56.32%) | 232 (100%) | ||
| Total | 174 | 232 | ||
| Currently Have Partner | 95.71 | 0.00 | ||
| No | 61(35.06%) | 0 (0) | ||
| Yes | 113 (64.94%) | 265 (100%) | ||
| Total | 174 | 232 | ||
| Support From Partner | 216.53 | 0.00 | ||
| No | 116 (66.67%) | 0 (0) | ||
| Yes | 58 (33.33%) | 232(100%) | ||
| Total | 174 | 232 | ||
| Partner has Other Sexual Partners | 190.01 | 0.00 | ||
| No | 174 (100%) | 76 (32.76%) | ||
| Yes | 0 (0) | 156 (67.24%) | ||
| Total | 174 | 232 | ||
| Has Support in Difficult Times | 47.89 | 0.00 | ||
| No | 33 (81.03%) | 0 (0) | ||
| Yes | 141(81.03 | 232 (100%) | ||
| Total | 174 | 232 | ||
| Who Supports | 224.40 | 0.00 | ||
| No one | 0 (0) | 31 (10.0%) | ||
| Family | 15 (8.62%) | 159 (68.53%) | ||
| Husband/partner | 115 (66.09%) | 42 (18.10%) | ||
| Friend | 44 (25.29%) | 0 (0) | ||
| Total | 174 | 232 | ||
| Threatened to Hit | 0.26 | 0.61 | ||
| No | 154 (88.51%) | 209 (90.09%) | ||
| Yes | 20 (11.49%) | 23 (9.31%) | ||
| Total | 174 | 232 | ||
| Partner Drinking Alcohol | 26.72 | 0.00 | ||
| No | 73 (41.95%) | 43 (18.53% | ||
| Yes | 101 (58.05%) | 189 (81.47%) | ||
| Total | 174 | 232 | ||
| Has Experienced Severe Stress | 378.25 | 0.00 | ||
| No | 167 (95.98%) | 0 (0) | ||
| Yes | 7 (4.02) | 232 (100%) | ||
| Total | 174 | 232 | ||
| Reason for Stress | 41.94 | 0.00 | ||
| Severe financial crisis | 91 (52.30%) | 63 (96.92%) | ||
| Death of a close person | 26 (14.94%) | 0 (0) | ||
| Illness | 22 (12.64%) | 1(1.54%) | ||
| Cheating and not supportive | 22 (12.64%) | 0 (0) | ||
| Changed jobs and place | 8 (4.60%) | 0 (0) | ||
| Regret, unhappiness, and life-threatening crime | 5 (2.87%) | 1 (1.54%) | ||
| Total | 174 | 232 |
Chi2- chisquare test.