Table 2.

Summary of multinomial logistic regression models predicting the likelihood of living in a perceived food swamp or food desert (measured using Modified Retail Food Environment Index (mRFEI)), by race and ethnicity.

Race/Ethnicity		Food Swamp			Food Desert
Predictors	OR	95% CI		RR 5	OR	95% CI		RR 5
		lower	higher			lower	higher
Non-Hispanic Black 1	1.71 ***	1.46	2.00	1.38 ***	1.13	0.82	1.54	1.11
Non-Hispanic Asian 1	0.57 *	0.35	0.92	0.70 *	0.13 *	0.02	0.94	0.14
Non-Hispanic Other 1	1.20	0.87	1.67	1.11	1.10	0.59	2.06	1.09
Hispanic 1	1.09	0.78	1.52	1.05	0.64	0.29	1.41	0.67
Non-Hispanic Asian 2	0.33 ***	0.20	0.54	0.53 ***	0.12 *	0.02	0.85	0.13 *
Non-Hispanic Other 2	0.70 *	0.50	0.99	0.85	0.98	0.50	1.91	0.98
Hispanic 2	0.64 *	0.45	−0.91	0.80 *	0.57	0.25	1.30	0.61
Non-Hispanic Other3	2.13 *	1.20	3.78	1.59 *	8.51 *	1.08	67.31	7.52 *
Hispanic 3	1.92 *	1.08	3.43	1.50 *	4.97	0.59	41.47	4.64
Hispanic 4	0.52 *	0.29	0.93	0.94	0.20	0.02	1.68	0.62

¹ Relative risk with non-Hispanic White as the reference group. ² Relative risk with non-Hispanic Black as the reference group. ³ Relative risk with non-Hispanic Asian as the reference group. ⁴ Relative risk with non-Hispanic Other as the reference group. ⁵ We compared the risks of living in a food swamp area or food desert area among different race groups by computing relative risk ratios. Relative Risk is calculated by dividing the probability of an event occurring for group 1 divided by the probability of an event occurring for group 2. Abbreviations: OR, odds ratios; CI, confidence interval; RR, relative risk ratios; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.