Table 1.
Relationship between variables related to beliefs about the outbreak and psychological distress among non-health workers working during the pandemic.
| Non-Health Workers (n = 1089) |
Non-Health Workers Working Away from Home (n = 492) |
Non-Health Workers Working from Home (n = 597) |
|||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GHQ12 | GHQ12 | GHQ12 | |||||||||||||
| M (SD) | NO (n = 380) |
YES (n = 709) |
Statistics | p | M (SD) | NO (n = 161) |
YES (n = 331) |
Statistics | p | M (SD) | NO | YES | Statistics | p | |
| Concern about COVID (C_1) | 8.17 (1.73) | 7.70 (1.87) | 8.42 (1.60) | 6.696 | <0.001 ** | 8.17 (1.76) | 7.83 (1.79) | 8,34 (1.72) | −3.072 | 0.002 ** | 8.17 (1.71) | 7.61 (1.92) | 8.49 (1.49) | −5.901 | <0.001 ** |
| Probability in surviving if already infected or getting infected (C_2) | 8.10 (1.84) | 8.34 (1.78) | 7.97 (1.86) | −3.137 | 0.002 ** | 8.03 (1.82) | 8.36 (1.73) | 7.87 (1.84) | 2.828 | 0.005 ** | 8.16 (1.85) | 8.32 (1.82) | 8.07 (1.87) | 1.642 | 0.101 |
| Confidence in the ability of health professionals to diagnose and recognize COVID-19 (C_3) | 8.28 (1.84) | 8.44 (1.78) | 8.20 (1.87) | −2.047 | 0.041 * | 8.28 (1.89) | 8.47 (1.81) | 8.18 (1.92) | 1.606 | 0.109 | 8.29 (1.80) | 8.42 (1.76) | 8.22 (1.83) | 1.297 | 0.195 |
| Confidence in the ability of the health system to diagnose and recognize COVID-19 (C_4) | 6.96 (2.25) | 7.26 (2.18) | 6.80 (2.27) | −3.263 | 0.001 ** | 6.82 (2.33) | 7.17 (2.22) | 6.64 (2.36) | 2.398 | 0.017 * | 7.08 (2.18) | 7.32 (2.15) | 6.93 (2.19) | 2.126 | 0.034 * |
| Risk of being infected by COVID-19 (C_5) | 5.39 (2.38) | 5.06 (2.42) | 5.57 (2.35) | 3.387 | 0.001 ** | 5.75 (2.37) | 5.35 (2.42) | 5.94 (2.32) | −2.617 | 0.009 ** | 5.10 (2.36) | 4.85 (2.39) | 5.25 (2.33) | −1.998 | 0.046 * |
| Health consequences of the infection (C_6) | 5.92 (2.39) | 5.71 (2.44) | 6.03 (2.36) | 2.115 | 0.035 * | 5.93 (2.39) | 5.73 (2.39) | 6.03 (2.39) | −1.308 | 0.192 | 5.91 (2.39) | 5.70 (2.47) | 6.03 (2.33) | −1.657 | 0.098 |
| Difficulty of treatment (C_7) | 6.89 (2.08) | 6.69 (2.14) | 7.00 (2.03) | 2.295 | 0.022 * | 6.98 (2.11) | 6.87 (2.12) | 7.03 (2.11) | −0.791 | 0.429 | 6.82 (2.05) | 6.57 (2.16) | 6.97 (1.97) | −2.266 | 0.024 * |
| Degree of concern about the infection (C_8) | 7.33 (2.37) | 6.83 (2.40) | 7.60 (2.31) | 5.113 | <0.001 ** | 7.47 (2.40) | 7.21 (2.25) | 7.59 (2.46) | −1.706 | 0.089 | 7.22 (2.35) | 6.56 (2.48) | 7.60 (2.18) | −5.182 | <0.001 ** |
| Degree of concern about being a carrier and transmitting the virus to family members, close persons, or patients (C_9) | 9.01 (1.70) | 8.83 (1.79) | 9.10 (1.64) | 2.45 | 0.015 * | 9.19 (1.46) | 9.27 (1.20) | 9.15 (1.58) | 0.846 | 0.398 | 8.86 (1.85) | 8.51 (2.06) | 9.06 (1.68) | −3.347 | 0.001 ** |
GHQ12 answers (YES/NO) score ranges from 1 to 10; * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01.