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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Oct 22.
Published in final edited form as: J Epidemiol Community Health. 2018 Aug 12;72(12):1076–1082. doi: 10.1136/jech-2018-210809

Table 4.

HR and 95%CIs for the Association between Plasma Vitamin C Statusa and Risk of Different Causes of Deaths, China, 1999-2016

Causes of Deaths Case No. HRb 95% CI P value
All deaths 551 0.77 0.63-0.95 0.01
 Winter, 1999 272 0.67 0.50-0.89 0.006
 Spring, 2000 279 0.89 0.67-1.18 0.41
 Pinteraction with season 0.2
Cancer 141 0.78 0.52-1.16 0.22
UGI cancer 98 0.68 0.42-1.11 0.12
non-UGI Cancer 44 1.09 0.53-2.24 0.81
Stroke 170 0.91 0.63-1.31 0.60
Heart diseases 174 0.62 0.42-0.89 0.01
Other 66 0.88 0.48-1.61 0.69

Abbreviation: UGI, upper gastrointestinal cancers including esophageal and gastric cancers.

a

Plasma vitamin C status, compare normal (>28umol/L) to low (≤28umol/L).

b

These models were adjusted for 4 age- / sex- subgroups, tobacco smoking, and season of blood draw through stratification.