Table 2.
Interactive effects of asparagine and aspartate homeostasis with sex and age for T2D risk
| Univariable model | Multivariable model | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | ||
| Asn > 88 vs. ≤ 88, μmol/L | 1.69 (1.38–2.08) | < 0.0001 | 2.38 (1.77–3.21) | < 0.0001 | |
| Asp < 65 vs. ≥ 65, μmol/L | 11.7 (6.49–21.0) | < 0.0001 | 6.33 (4.54–8.82) | < 0.0001 | |
| Asn: Asp > 1.5 vs. ≤ 1.5 | 7.00 (5.27–9.30) | < 0.0001 | 7.99 (5.50–11.6) | < 0.0001 | |
| Age ≥ 50 vs. < 50 years old | 4.62 (3.79–5.64) | < 0.0001 | 3.96 (2.99–5.24) | < 0.0001 | |
| Female vs. male | 2.55 (2.12–3.06) | < 0.0001 | 1.82 (1.38–2.42) | < 0.0001 | |
| Additive interaction model of asparagine to aspartate ratio and age a | |||||
| Asn: Asp ≤ 1.5 and age < 50 years old | Reference | Reference | |||
| Asn: Asp ≤ 1.5 and age ≥ 50 years old | 4.99 (2.60–9.60) | < 0.0001 | 3.43 (1.61–7.29) | 0.0014 | |
| Asn: Asp > 1.5 and age < 50 years old | 7.60 (4.16–13.9) | < 0.0001 | 7.10 (3.60–14.0) | < 0.0001 | |
| Asn: Asp > 1.5 and age ≥ 50 years old | 37.0 (20.5–66.9) | < 0.0001 | 28.7 (14.6–56.3) | < 0.0001 | |
| Interaction measure | Estimates | Estimates | |||
| RERI | 25.4 (10.4–40.5) | 19.2 (6.02–32.3) | |||
| AP | 0.69 (0.62–0.76) | 0.67 (0.57–0.77) | |||
| S | 3.40 (2.64–4.39) | 3.25 (2.32–4.55) | |||
| Additive interaction model of asparagine to aspartate ratio and sex b | |||||
| Asn: Asp ≤ 1.5 and male | Reference | Reference | |||
| Asn: Asp ≤ 1.5 and female | 2.09 (1.22–3.56) | 0.0070 | 1.49 (0.76–2.93) | 0.2676 | |
| Asn: Asp > 1.5 and male | 6.46 (4.34–9.62) | < .0001 | 7.19 (4.41–11.7) | < .0001 | |
| Asn: Asp > 1.5 and female | 21.2 (14.0–32.2) | < .0001 | 13.6 (8.10–22.9) | < .0001 | |
| Interaction measure | Estimates | Estimates | |||
| RERI | 13.7 (7.48–19.9) | 5.95 (1.60–10.3) | |||
| AP | 0.64 (0.56–0.73) | 0.44 (0.26–0.62) | |||
| S | 3.09 (2.35–4.05) | 1.89 (1.32–2.71) | |||
Abbreviations: T2D type 2 diabetes, Asn asparagine, Asp aspartate, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, RERI risk due to interaction, AP attributable proportion due to interaction, S synergy index
Multivariable analysis adjusted for body mass index (< 18.5, 18.5 ~ 24.0, 24.0 ~ 28.0 and ≥ 28.0 kg/m2), systolic blood pressure (< 140 and ≥ 140 mmHg), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (< 2.60 and ≥ 2.60 mmol/L), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (< 1.00 mmol/L in male or < 1.30 mmol/L in female as low level and ≥ 1.00 in male or ≥ 1.30 in female as high level), triglyceride (< 1.70 mmol/L and ≥ 1.70 mmol/L), and sex in a or age (< 50 and ≥ 50 years old) in b
Significant elative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) > 0, attributable proportion due to interaction (AP) > 0 or synergy index (S) > 1 indicates a significant additive interaction