Table 1.
Overview of principal ICIs, targeted tumor and clinical trials.
| Immune checkpointed inhibited | Drugs | Year of approval | FDA-approved indications | Clinical Trial | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CTLA-4 | Ipilimumab | 2011 | Metastatic melanoma | Non-smal cell lung carcinoma NCT03469960, NCT03351361, NCT02785952, NCT03302234 | |
| Renal cell carcinoma | Mesothelioma NCT02899299 | ||||
| Colonrectal cancer | Gastric cancer NCT02872116 | ||||
| Squamous cell lung carcinoma NCT02785952 | |||||
| PD-1 | Nivolumab | 2015 | Metastatic melanoma | Mesothelioma NCT03063450 | |
| Colonrectal cancer | Non-Hodgkin lymphoma NCT03366272 | ||||
| Classical Hodgkin’s lymphom | Metastatic clear cell renal carcinoma NCT01668784 | ||||
| Renal cell carcinoma | Head and neck cancer NCT02741570, NCT03342352 | ||||
| Non-small cell lung carcinoma | Lung cancer NCT03348904 | ||||
| Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) | |||||
| Metastatic urothelial carcinoma | |||||
| Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) | |||||
| Colorectal cancer with MSI-H | |||||
| Pembrolizumab | 2015 | Metastatic melanoma | Small cell lung cancer NCT03066778 | ||
| metastatic NSCLC | Renal cell carcinoma NCT03142334, NCT02853331 | ||||
| classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma, | Gastric adenocarcinoma NCT02370498 | ||||
| primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL) | Urothelial carcinoma NCT02853305, NCT03244384, NCT02256436, NCT03374488, | ||||
| Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) | Colorectal cancer NCT02563002 | ||||
| gastric cancer | Pleural mesothelioma NCT02991482 | ||||
| solid tumors with MSI-H and MMR aberrations | Esophageal neoplasms NCT03189719, NCT02564263 | ||||
| metastatic urothelial carcinoma | Multiple myeloma NCT02579863, NCT02576977 | ||||
| Merkel cell carcinoma | Hodgkin lymphoma NCT02684292 | ||||
| renal cell carcinoma | Hepatocellular carcinoma NCT02702401, NCT03062358 | ||||
| Cervical cancer | |||||
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | |||||
| Cemiplimab | 2018 | Metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma | Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma NCT04154943 | ||
| PD-L1 | Atezolizumab | 2016 | Metastatic urothelial carcinoma | Renal cell cancer NCT02684006 | |
| Metastatic Non-small cell lung carcinoma | Gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer NCT02625623, NCT02625610 | ||||
| Metastatic Small cell lung carcinoma | Ovarian cancer, fallopian tube cancer NCT03038100, NCT02839707, NCT02891824 | ||||
| Metastatic triple negative breast cancer | |||||
| Avelumab | 2017 | Merkel cell carcinoma | Non-small cell lung carcinoma NCT02576574, NCT02395172 | ||
| Metastatic urothelial carcinoma | Urothelial cancer NCT02603432 | ||||
| Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma NCT02951156 | |||||
| Durvalumab | 2018 | Metastatic urothelial carcinoma, | Non-small cell lung carcinoma NCT02273375, NCT02542293, NCT03164616, NCT02125461 | ||
| Unresectable stage III Non-small cell lung carcinoma | Squamous cell lung carcinoma NCT02154490, NCT02551159 | ||||
| Urothelial cancer NCT02516241 | |||||
| Advanced solid malignancies NCT03084471 | |||||
|
Combination of CTLA-4 and PD-1
|
Ipilimumab plus nivolumab | 2016 | Metastatic melanoma | Non-small cell lung cancer NCT02659059 | |
| 2018 | Metastatic renal cell carcinoma | Metastatic renal cell carcinoma NCT0223174 |
|||
| 2018 | Colorectal cancer with MSI-H | Colorectal cancer with MSI-H NCT02060188 | |||
| 2020 | Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) | Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) NCT01658878 | |||