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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Oct 22.
Published in final edited form as: Cancer Treat Res. 2019;178:265–283. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-16391-4_11

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

A representation of the stages in the ‘translation’ of basic insights into clinical useful products considered in initiatives such as the Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) initiative overseen by the National Center on Advancing Translational Science of the United States National Institutes of Health (NCATS; left panel;[5]). An analogous representation of the stages in the diagnosis and treatment of an individual patient are provided in the right hand panel.