Table 2.
Items, loadings, average variance extracted, and scale reliabilities.
| λ | AVE | C.R | |
|---|---|---|---|
| National consumer confidence(1 = “much worse”, 5 = “no change”, 9 = “much better”) | |||
| NCC1: What is your view of the economic situation in the US over the last 12 months? | 0.86 | 0.81 | 0.94 |
| NCC2: What is your view of the employment situation in the US over the last 12 months? | 0.84 | ||
| NCC3: What is your expectation of the economic situation in the US in 12 months’ time? | 0.95 | ||
| NCC4: What is your expectation of the employment situation in the US in 12 months’ time? | 0.93 | ||
| Personal consumer confidence(1 = “much worse”, 5 = “no change”, 9 = “much better”) | |||
| PCC1: Compared with 12 months ago, how would you describe your present household financial situation? | 0.85 | 0.60 | 0.88 |
| PCC2: Compared with 12 months ago, how would you describe your present household employment situation? | 0.77 | ||
| PCC3: What are your expectations of your household financial situation in 12 months’ time? | 0.77 | ||
| PCC4: What is your expectation of your employment situation in 12 months’ time? | 0.82 | ||
| Perceived financial vulnerability(1 = strongly disagree”, 7 = “strongly agree”) | |||
| PFV1: My household’s monthly income currently prevents us from making ends meet | 0.84 | 0.74 | 0.93 |
| PFV2 I fear that household would struggle to pay an unexpected expense of $500 today | 0.92 | ||
| PFV3: I’m concerned about my household’s ability to pay for basic expenses (e.g., food, rent, utilities) | 0.94 | ||
| PFV4: Thinking about my household’s finances is stressful for me | 0.68 | ||
| Price conscious behavior(1 = strongly disagree”, 7 = “strongly agree”) | |||
| PC1: I go to extra effort to find lower prices | 0.83 | 0.79 | 0.94 |
| PC2: I shop at more than one store to take advantage of low prices | 0.93 | ||
| PC3: The money saved by finding low prices is worth the time and effort | 0.95 | ||
| PC4: I compare prices of at least a few brands before I choose one | 0.85 | ||
| External locus of control - Chance control(1 = strongly disagree”, 7 = “strongly agree”) | |||
| ELOCL1: To a great extent, my life is controlled by accidental happenings | 0.81 | 0.55 | 0.78 |
| ELOCL2: Often there is no change of protecting my personal interest from bad luck happening | 0.70 | ||
| ELOCL3: When I get what I want, it's usually because I'm lucky | 0.71 | ||
| External locus of control - Control by powerful others(1 = strongly disagree”, 7 = “strongly agree”) | |||
| ELOCO1: People like myself have very little chance of protecting our personal interests where they conflict with those of strong pressure groups | 0.72 | 0.74 | 0.90 |
| ELOCO2: My life is chiefly controlled by powerful others | 0.93 | ||
| ELOCO3: I feel like what happens in my life is mostly determined by powerful people | 0.91 | ||
| Trait optimism(1 = strongly disagree”, 7 = “strongly agree”) | |||
| TO1: I’m always optimistic about my future | 0.77 | ||
| TO2: In uncertain times, I usually expect the best | 0.89 | 0.67 | 0.76 |
| TO3: Overall, I expect more good things to happen to me than bad | 0.80 | ||
| ConscientiousnessI see myself as someone who… (1 = strongly disagree”, 7 = “strongly agree”) | |||
| C1: Does a thorough job | 0.84 | ||
| C2: Tends to be well organized | 0.83 | 0.67 | 0.89 |
| C3: Makes plans and follows through with them | 0.87 | ||
| C4: Does things efficiently | 0.72 | ||
Notes: λ = standardized factor loadings; AVE = average variance extracted; C.R. = construct reliability.