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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Oct 22.
Published in final edited form as: Science. 2019 Apr 12;364(6436):eaau8650. doi: 10.1126/science.aau8650

Fig. 3. Global changes in DNA methylation during spaceflight.

Fig. 3.

(A) PCA of distances derived from average CpG methylation levels in 1-kb intervals along the chromosomes in each sample (CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes collected from each subject). (B) Genome-wide distributions of MML and NME values in CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes collected from each subject at indicated time points. (C) Genome-wide distributions of JSDs within each subject in comparisons of preflight to the indicated inflight and postflight time points in CD4 and CD8 cells. (D) Heatmaps representing transformed enrichment values (square root of enrichment) for GO categories with a raw enrichment value >5 in TW for comparisons of preflight (L–162) samples to inflight (early, FD76; late, FD259) and postflight (R+104) samples in CD4 and CD8 cells. (E) University of California, Santa Cruz, Genome Browser images of NOTCH3 and SLC1A5 with peaks of JSD at their promoters in TW when comparing inflight (FD259, for NOTCH3, and FD76, for SLC1A5) to preflight (L–162) samples from CD4 (for NOTCH3) and CD8 (for SLC1A5) cells. Differential MML (dMML) and differential NME (dNME) values are also plotted, with negative values indicating reduced MML or NME at the inflight time points compared with preflight time points. For all boxplots, center lines indicate median, boxes indicate interquartile range (IQR), and whiskers indicate 1.5 × IQR. CGI, CpG island; chr. 19, chromosome 19.