Table 1.
Participant Characteristics
| Demographics | Overall (n=72) |
Elevated ASCVD risk (n=54) | Low ASCVD risk (n=18) |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 70.0 (4.7) | 71.3 (4.7) | 66.3 (1.5) | <0.0001 |
| Female (%) | 69 | 59.3 | 100 | 0.001 |
| White non-Hispanic (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | ----- |
| Education (years) | 16.8 (2.5) | 16.5 (2.4) | 17.7 (2.3) | 0.076 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.7 (4.4) | 27.4 (4.6) | 24.8 (2.8) | 0.015 |
| Cardiovascular Disease Risk Characteristics | ||||
| ASCVD Score | 15.0 (9.0) | 18.2 (8.2) | 5.5 (1.2) | <0.0001 |
| Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | 131.0 (15.0) | 134.4 (14.2) | 120.6 (13.1) | 0.001 |
| Total Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 190.2 (35.3) | 185.9 (35.2) | 203.3 (33.3) | 0.066 |
| HDL Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 60.0 (18.1) | 58.2 (17.7) | 65.4 (19.0) | 0.123 |
| Blood Pressure Treatment % | 31.0 | 40.7 | 0 | 0.001 |
| Diabetes % | 3.0 | 3.7 | 0 | 0.408 |
| Smoking Status % | 1.4 | 1.9 | 0 | 0.561 |
| Resting and Exercise Parameters | ||||
| Resting MCAvmean (cm/s) | 47.1 (11.1) | 44.8 (11.0) | 53.9 (8.3) | 0.001 |
| Exercise MCAvmean (cm/s) | 53.4 (12.6) | 50.4 (11.5) | 62.1 (11.9) | 0.001 |
| Resting Mean Arterial Pressure (mmHg) | 73.5 (12.6) | 74.1 (10.4) | 71.8 (17.8) | 0.129 |
| Exercise Mean Arterial Pressure (mmHg) | 106.3 (20.9) | 105.6 (18.8) | 108.1 (26.8) | 0.792 |
| Resting CO2 (mmHg) | 33.9 (5.2) | 33.4 (5.2) | 35.4 (5.1) | 0.071 |
| Exercise CO2 (mmHg) | 37.9 (4.5) | 37.5 (4.3) | 39.1 (4.8) | 0.183 |
| Cognitive Domains | ||||
| Processing Speed | 0.012 (0.397) | −0.015 (0.421) | 0.092 (0.312) | 0.257 |
| Executive Function | −0.172 (0.816) | −0.103 (0.886) | −0.377 (0.523) | 0.156 |
| Language Processing | 0.265 (0.705) | 0.243 (0.725) | 0.331 (0.653) | 0.634 |
| Attention | −0.214 (0.828) | −0.253 (0.795) | −0.097 (0.934) | 0.558 |
| Memory | 0.592 (0.924) | 0.546 (0.964) | 0.728 (0.802) | 0.435 |
Data are presented as mean (standard deviation). BMI indicates body mass index. ASCVD score indicates atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. MCAv indicates mean middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity. Cognitive domain scores are normalized.