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. 2020 Oct 12;16(10):e1008985. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008985

Fig 5. CLIPC9 is required for P. berghei ookinete melanization.

Fig 5

(A) Single knockdown dot plots show the number of live oocysts (green dots) and melanized ookinetes (brown squares) present in each midgut. Red bars represent median values, which were compared using a Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s multiple comparisons test. Prevalence values (Prev) for GFP+ viable oocysts and melanized ookinetes are provided below each treatment group and were compared to dsLacZ control with Fisher’s exact test. Significant differences are denoted in red. (B) Representative brightfield photomicrographs of mosquito midguts showing melanized ookinetes (red arrows) from the double knockdown analyses. Red arrowhead denotes a trachea. Scale bar is 100 μm. Co-silencing CLIPC9 and CTL4 reduces ookinete melanization (C) but does not rescue viable oocysts (D). Red bars represent median parasite values and were analyzed using a Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s multiple comparisons test. Prevalence values were analyzed with the Fisher’s exact test and those significantly different than dsLacZ/dsLacZ control are in red. Asterisks denote statistical significance (*p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001, ****p ≤ 0.0001). All data are pooled from three independent biological replicates.