Table 2. Clinical characteristics according to gender and FVC% predicted.

	Men (n = 1,.266)			Women (n = 1,635)
	FVC% predicted Q1 (n = 313)	FVC% predicted Q2-4 (n = 953)	p	FVC% predicted Q1 (n = 406)	FVC% predicted Q2-4 (n = 1,229)	p
FVC% predicted	77.1 (33.1–82.3)	93.4 (82.5–121.6)	<0.001	79.4 (48.2–84.1)	95.8 (84.1–138.6)	<0.001
Age (years)	64 (40–80)	55 (40–80)	<0.001	61 (40–80)	55 (40–80)	<0.001
Education (%)			0.001			<0.001
Elementary school graduated	26.5	18.3		40.6	29.5
Junior high school graduated	14.4	11.3		14.5	13.8
Senior high school graduated	29.1	31.2		28.6	32.1
College graduated	30.0	39.2		16.3	24.6
Household Income (x10,000 KRW)	353.2 ± 17.8	446.0 ± 10.0	<0.001	348.2 ± 15.1	406.7 ± 9.2	0.001
Smoking (%)			0.165			0.523
Non-smoker	19.2	19.1		93.1	92.0
Ex- smoker	53.0	47.6		3.2	2.9
Current smoker	27.8	33.3		3.7	5.0
Alcohol consumption (%)			0.003			0.004
None	26.2	17.6		46.8	37.8
1-3/week	58.1	67.4		50.7	60.0
≥ 4/week	15.7	15.0		2.5	2.2
Aerobic exercise (%)	44.1	46.3	0.514	35.0	42.2	0.010
Obesity (%)	52.1	37.9	<0.001	50.7	32.1	<0.001
Hypertension (%)	56.5	39.3	<0.001	48.3	31.2	<0.001
Diabetes (%)	28.4	13.9	<0.001	20.2	10.3	<0.001
Renal impairment (%)	7.0	3.5	0.010	6.2	2.6	0.002
Serum uric acid (mg/dL)
Unadjusted	5.7 (5.6–5.9)	5.7 (5.6–5.8)	0.645	4.6 (4.5–4.7)	4.3 (4.2–4.3)	<0.001
Model 1	5.8 (5.6–5.9)	5.7 (5.6–5.8)	0.175	4.5 (4.5–4.6)	4.3 (4.2–4.4)	<0.001
Model 2	5.8 (5.6–5.9)	5.7 (5.6–5.8)	0.159	4.5 (4.4–4.6)	4.3 (4.3–4.4)	0.006
Hyperuricemia (%)
Unadjusted	16.9	14.2	0.233	9.9	4.4	<0.001
Model 1	18.0 (14.0–22.1)	13.8 (11.5–16.2)	0.077	9.1 (6.8–11.4)	4.6 (3.4–5.9)	0.001
Model 2	17.6 (13.5–21.6)	14.0 (11.7–16.2)	0.136	7.9 (5.7–10.1)	5.0 (3.8–6.2)	0.025

Data are expressed as mean ± SEM or %, except FVC% predicted, age, serum uric acid, and hyperuricemia. FVC% predicted and age are expressed as median (minimum-maximum). Serum uric acid, and hyperuricemia are expressed as mean (95% CI). FVC, forced vital capacity.

Model 1: adjusted for age Model 2: adjusted for all variables