Table 5. Multivariable logistic regression analyses for lowest quartile of FVC% predicted.

	Men		Women
	Odds ratio (95% CI)	p	Odds ratio (95% CI)	p
Age (years)  19–44	Reference		Reference
45–64	1.98 (1.19–3.32)	0.009	1.29 (0.86–1.96)	0.228
65-	4.71 (2.67–8.33)	<0.001	2.70 (1.63–4.46)	<0.001
Education		0.907		0.704
Elementary school graduated	Reference		Reference
Junior high school graduated	1.04 (0.65–1.57)	0.857	1.10 (0.75–1.60)	0.640
Senior high school graduated	0.98 (0.66–1.45)	0.908	1.19 (0.85–1.68)	0.314
College graduated	1.03 (0.67–1.57)	0.904	1.07 (0.71–1.61)	0.744
Household income		0.061
Quartile 1 (the lowest quartile)	Reference		Reference
Quartile 2	0.71 (0.47–1.06)	0.093	1.31 (0.93–1.86)	0.128
Quartile 3	0.62 (0.40–0.95)	0.028	1.48 (1.02–2.14)	0.041
Quartile 4 (the highest quartile)	0.63 (0.40–0.98)	0.042	1.14 (0.76–1.69)	0.526
Alcohol consumption		0.392
None	Reference		Reference
1-3/week	0.81 (0.57–1.15)	0.238	0.87 (0.68–1.12)	0.283
≥ 4/week	0.74 (0.47–1.18)	0.201	1.05 (0.48–2.27)	0.910
Smoking
Non-smoker	Reference		Reference
Ex-smoker	1.03 (0.71–1.50)	0.879	1.09 (0.55–2.14)	0.805
Current smoker	1.08 (0.71–1.64)	0.722	0.77 (0.42–1.40)	0.385
Aerobic exercise	1.03 (0.78–1.36)	0.843	0.82 (0.64–1.05)	0.124
Obesity	1.94 (1.46–2.57)	<0.001	1.74 (1.36–2.22)	<0.001
Hypertension	1.42 (1.07–1.89)	0.016	1.29 (0.99–1.68)	0.065
Diabetes	1.75 (1.25–2.45)	0.001	1.58 (1.14–2.21)	0.007
Renal impairment	0.84 (0.45–1.58)	0.589	0.95 (0.52–1.75)	0.867
Hyperuricemia	1.32 (0.90–1.93)	0.151	1.71 (1.06–2.75)	0.027

FVC, forced vital capacity.