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. 2020 Oct 22;138:105225. doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105225

Table 4.

Mental Well-Being and Main Stressor from COVID-19.

Sample Main Problem from COVID-19
Size Depression Happy School Finances Social
Full Sample 1550 0.16 0.68 0.50 0.09 0.21
Males 708 0.13 0.70 0.47 0.09 0.22
Females 842 0.19 0.66 0.52 0.09 0.21
 test of gender equality 0.005 0.106 0.053 0.794 0.840
Grade 10 545 0.15 0.71 0.47 0.09 0.22
Grade 11 593 0.17 0.68 0.48 0.10 0.22
Grade 12 412 0.18 0.64 0.57 0.08 0.19
 test of grade equality 0.326 0.072 0.002 0.581 0.380
Lowest Wealth Quartile 374 0.18 0.63 0.50 0.12 0.19
Highest Wealth Quartile 405 0.15 0.70 0.47 0.07 0.24
 test of wealth equality 0.284 0.054 0.426 0.028 0.153
Mother's Education:high school or less 692 0.18 0.64 0.52 0.10 0.19
Mother's education:beyond high school 858 0.15 0.70 0.48 0.08 0.23
 test of educational equality 0.240 0.011 0.092 0.108 0.019
Mestizo or White 1306 0.16 0.69 0.50 0.09 0.22
Indigenous or Other 244 0.21 0.61 0.50 0.09 0.18
 test of ethnicity equality 0.051 0.016 0.921 0.788 0.245
Pichincha 1066 0.15 0.69 0.50 0.08 0.22
Napo or Orellana 484 0.18 0.65 0.50 0.10 0.19
 test of provincial equality 0.167 0.141 0.904 0.278 0.156
Have Computer and Internet 914 0.16 0.70 0.49 0.07 0.23
No Internet 404 0.18 0.61 0.52 0.14 0.17
 test of technology access equality 0.321 0.002 0.308 0.000 0.015

Notes: Depression denotes MHI-5 score below 17; Happy denotes happy most or all of the time; School, Finances and Social denote student names this as the main problem they personally face from COVID-19. Pichincha is the more urban province, and Napo and Orellana the more rural provinces. Tests of equality report p-values for t-tests (two groups) or F-tests (for grade equality) of equality of means across the groups.