Figure 3.

Induction of Autophagy

(A) Confocal micrographs of representative lung sections of mice that were infected 21 days prior to the experiment but received no treatment, Untreated control stained with DAPI to reveal nuclei, and with antibodies to LC3-1 and LAMP-1 conjugated with green and red fluorescent dyes, respectively. (B) Six hours after inhalation of the plasmid bearing Ifng. (C) Punctate fluorescence (arrows) was observed to initiate at 18 h after the dose due to sporadic co-localization of the two markers. (D) Extensive co-localization of the two markers indicative of autophagic flux was observed at 48 h after inhalation. Scale bars, 75 μm.