Fig. 3.

Adult human explanted heart gallery. A. Adult failing hearts with various types of cardiomyopathies including dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (AC). B. Other etiologies that led to end-stage HF including ischemic heart disease (IHD), valvular heart disease (VHD), congenital heart defects (CHD) and transplant vasculopathy. C. Unmatched ideal hearts, and marginal hearts were harvested into our non-failing control pool. Age and gender-matched selection was adopted while seeking the best reference group in our research. D. Apex during LVAD insertion and native failing heart following transplant were both procured. Scale bar = 1 cm.