FIGURE 1.

Role of osteocyte conditioned medium on hMSC osteogenesis. A, Migration of human bone marrow stem/stromal cell (hMSCs) toward osteocyte conditioned medium and normalized to Medium, showing significant increases in chemotactic index towards CM‐F medium when compared to CM‐S (n = 9). B, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis of COX‐2, OCN, OPN, RUNX2, and OSX expression in hMSCs treated with osteocyte medium from CM‐S and CM‐F (n = 4‐6). Statistical analysis using one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni's multiple comparison post‐test for chemotactic index (*P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001, ^&&& P < .001 vs Medium and EV‐S)