Fig. 12.
Photographs of the a fabrication of graphene films using the centrifugal vacuum evaporation and b fabrication of a three-electrode system of CV with graphene film as a working electrode. c Schematic image of the fabricated immunosensor based on graphene film for the detection of rotavirus. d CV of the bare graphene electrode, G/Ab, G/Ab/rotavirus (105 pfu/mL) and G/Ab/variola virus used as a negative control. (Source: reprinted from Liu F, Choi K S, Park T J, Lee S Y, Seo T S. Graphene-based electrochemical biosensor for pathogenic virus detection. Biochip J. 2011;5:123–128)