Table 1.
Electrode | Linear range | Sensitivity | Limit of detection | Ref | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Glucose sensors | |||||||
Pt/Co/NPG/Go | 35 μM–30 mM | 7.84 μA cm−2 Mm−1 | 5 μM | [39] | |||
PtAu/graphene–CNT-IL/GP | 0.1–11.6 mM | 0.19 mA cm−2 Mm−1 | 80 μM | [40] | |||
GOx/PB/graphene hybrid | 0.01–0.7 mM | 1 μA Mm−1 | 10 μM | [41] | |||
Pt-decorated graphite | 0–9 mM | 0.69 ± 0.06 μA cm−2 Mm−1 | 6.6 mM | [42] | |||
Au/graphene/AuNPs/GOD | 0–40 mg/dL | 667 nA/mM | 0.3 mg/dL | [43] | |||
LIG electrode | 2.1 mM | 4.622 μA Mm−1 | 300 nm | [46] | |||
rGO/AuPtNP | 0–2.4 mM | 48 μA cm−2 Mm−1 | 5 μM | [48] | |||
MoS2/AuNPs/glucose oxidase (GOx) | 500–100 nM | 10 nM | [50] | ||||
NiSe2-based glucose sensors | 0.1–1 mM | 0.25 AM−1 cm−2 | 24.8 μM | [51] | |||
CuCo2O4/graphite | 0–320 μM | 3.625 μA μM−1 cm−2 | 5 μM | [52] | |||
Lactate sensors | |||||||
GP–MoS2–Cu–LOD | 5–1775 μM | 3.38 mA cm−2 Mm−1 | 500 nM | [49] | |||
CNTs/Ti3C2Tx/PB/CFM | 10 × 10−6–22 × 10−3 M | 11.4 μA mM−1 | 0.67 × 10−6 M | [59] | |||
Cu NPs–LIG | 1 μM–6 mM | 495 μA Mm−1 cm−2 | 0.39 μM | [63] | |||
Biologically relevant molecules | |||||||
GF/NiCo2O4 | 200–750 μM | AA | 50 μM | AA | [70] | ||
1–13 μM | DA | 0.1 μM | DA | ||||
10–26 μM | UA | 0.2 μM | UA | ||||
Pt/LSG | 10–890 × 10−6 M | AA | 250.69 μAmM−1 cm−2 | AA | 6.1 × 10−6 M | AA | [74] |
0.5–56 × 10−6 M | DA | 6995.6 μA mM−1 cm−2 | DA | 0.07 × 10−6 M | DA | ||
1–63 × 10−6 M | UA | 8289 μAmM−1 cm−2 | UA | 0.22 × 10−6 M | UA | ||
G-PLA | 0.5–250 μA L μmol−1 | UA | 0.1332 μA L μmol−1 | UA | 0.02 μmol−1 | UA | [75] |
0.5–250 μA L μmol−1 | NIT | 0.0922 μA L μmol−1 | NIT | 0.03 μmol−1 | NIT | ||
LEG-CS | 3.50 μA μM− cm−2 | UA | 0.74 μM | UA | [63] | ||
0.61 μA μM− cm−2 | Tyr | 3.6 μM | Tyr | ||||
Pt/ rGO paper | 87 nm–100 μM | DA | 2 μA cm−2 mm−1 | DA | 5 nm | DA | [76] |
rGO MEA device | DA | 12.7 nA μM−1 | DA | 0.1 μM | DA | [77] | |
Tyro | 0.34 nA μM−1 | Tyro | 3.7 μM | Tyro | |||
MoS2/rGO | 0.1–240 μM | FA | 230 μA mM−1 | FA | 3.68 3 10−8 M | FA | [78] |
Co-MOF | 10–2400 μM | AA | 2.94 μM | AA | [88] | ||
H2O2 sensing | |||||||
Au/MnO2/graphene-coated CF | 0.05–14.2 mM | 0.167 mA cm−2 mM−1 | 2 μM | [66] | |||
Pt/MnO2/rGOP | 2.0 μM–13.33 mM | 129.5 μA cm−2 mM−1 | 1 μM | [80] | |||
MnO2/ERGO | 0.1–45.4 mM | 59 μA cm−2 mM−1 | 10 μM | [83] | |||
Au-Rgo paper | 0.05–8.6 mM | 236.8 μA cm−2 mM−1 | 2 μM | [82] | |||
Cat-Fe3O4/rGO | 3.30 μM–5.56 mM | 1.84 mA cm−2 mM−1 | 110 nM | [87] | |||
IL-rGO | 0.1–37.6 μM | 0.01 μM | [85] | ||||
GF/AuNS | 9.4 μM–13 mM | 1045.9 μA cm−2 mM−1 | 1.62 μM | [86] | |||
rGO MEA device | 2.3 nA μM−1 | 0.35 μM | [77] | ||||
Cu-MOF | 10–1000, 1400–6800 μM | 4.1 μM | [88] |