Table 4 –

Predicted Marginal Impacts^* of Full Practice Authority Implementation in 10 States, 2010-2018

Workforce Outcome	Before Full Practice Authority	Full Practice Authority	Policy Impact (Mean)
All employed NPs	Mean ± 95%CI	Mean ± 95%CI	Diff.	% Diff.
Located in/near HPSA%	22.0 ± 5.4	29.0 ± 4.2	7.0	30.5
Self-employed %	1.2 ± 1.1	3.4 ± 2.2	2.2	176.8
Hourly earnings ($)	49.75 ± 0.4	51.01 ± 0.3	1.3	2.5
All full-time employed NPs Located in/near HPSA %	21.6 ± 6.1	31.6 ± 5.2	10.0	46.5
Self-employed %	0.8 ± 1.0	3.9 ± 3.1	3.0 ∥	374.1
Hourly earnings ($)	47.40 ± 0.4	49.97 ± 0.2	2.6	5.4

^*Marginal impacts represent the sample-based mean differences in an outcome associated with exposure to full vs. restricted/reduced practice authority, holding other covariate factors constant at their sample mean values. NPs were assigned to either full or restricted/reduced practice authority based on the practice authority laws current in their state of employment as of the survey year. (AANP, 2018).

States were CO, CT, MD, MN, NE, NV, ND, RI, SD, and VT.

Health professional shortage area (HPSA) is defined by criteria from the U.S. Health Resources and Services Administration to determine which zip-codes are in primary care health professional shortage areas. This data was linked to everyone’s residence.

Hourly earnings are adjusted to 2018 dollars using the U.S. Consumer Price Index-All Urban Consumers (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2019)

^∥Rounding may result in a slight discrepancy between the marginal impact estimates and corresponding mean outcomes for the pre-full practice authority and full practice authority groups.