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. 2020 May 28;33(11):2169–2185. doi: 10.1038/s41379-020-0540-1

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Panel set A shows diverse techniques in our data. Initials indicate author owning image. A1 RSS: papanicolaou stain. A2 LGP: periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) stain, glycogen in pink. A3 LGP: PAS stain, lower magnification. A4 LGP: H&E stain c.f. Panel A3. A5 LGP: H&E stain, human appendix, including parasite Enterobius vermicularis (c.f. Fig. S2). A6 LGP: Higher magnification E. vermicularis c.f. Panel A5. A7 LGP: Gömöri trichrome, collagen in green. A8 LGP: Diff-quik stain, for cytology. A9 RSS: GMS stain (“Intra-stain diversity” in supplement details variants, Section S5.3.1), fungi black. A10 MPP: Giemsa stain. A11 AM: immunohistochemistry (IHC) stain, positive result. A12 AM: IHC stain, negative result. A13 RSS: Congo red, polarized light, plaques showing green birefringence. A14 MPP: fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) indicating breast cancer Her2 heterogeneity. A15 SY: head computed tomography (CT) scan. A16 LGP: esophageal endoscopy. In panel set B we show differing morphologies for all ten histopathological tissue types on Twitter. B1 CS: bone and soft tissue. We include cardiac here. B2 KH: breast. B3 RSS: dermatological. B4 LGP: gastrointestinal. B5 OOF: genitourinary. B6 MPP: gynecological. B7 BX: otorhinolaryngological a.k.a. head and neck. We include ocular, oral, and endocrine here. B8 CS: hematological, e.g., lymph node. B9 SY: neurological. B10 SM: pulmonary. In panel set C we show the three disease states we use: nontumor, low grade, and malignant. C1 MPP: nontumor disease, i.e., herpes esophagitis with Cowdry A inclusions. C2 KH: nontumor disease, i.e., collagenous colitis showing thickened irregular subepithelial collagen table with entrapped fibroblasts, vessels, and inflammatory cells. C3 AM: low grade, i.e., pulmonary hamartoma showing entrapped clefts lined by respiratory epithelium. C4 RSS: low grade, i.e., leiomyoma showing nuclear palisading. We show IHC completeness but it is not included for machine learning. C5 BDS: malignant, i.e., breast cancer with apocrine differentiation. C6 LGP: malignant, i.e., relapsed gastric adenocarcinoma with diffuse growth throughout the anastomosis and colon. Gross sections (e.g., Fig. S3) shown for completeness but not used.