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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Nov 26.
Published in final edited form as: Wiley Interdiscip Rev Syst Biol Med. 2020 Apr 23;12(5):e1490. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1490

Figure 1: An emerging paradigm for modulation of cellular cAMP by growth factors.

Figure 1:

(A) Schematic summarizing the role of cyclic AMP (cAMP) in diverse biological processes. In cancers (top right), cAMP is largely protective as it inhibits proliferation, invasion, chemoresistance, and promotes apoptosis and differentiation of tumor cells. Similarly, in the context of organ fibrosis, cAMP is a potent anti-fibrotic agent because it inhibits proliferation and migration and triggers apoptosis and return to quiescence for myofibroblasts, the major cell type implicated in fibrogenic disorders. Red lines indicate suppression and green lines indicate promotion. Citations for each process can be found under the process images (K. C. Agarwal & Parks Jr, 1983; Bartels et al., 1982; Caprioli & Sears, 1983; Cho-Chung, 1990; Evans, 1986; Insel et al., 2012; Kramer et al., 1987; Kreutner et al., 1985; Raker et al., 2016; Serezani et al., 2008; Silva et al., 1998; Vitale et al., 2009; Wachtel & Löschmann, 1986)