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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Nov 26.
Published in final edited form as: Wiley Interdiscip Rev Syst Biol Med. 2020 Apr 23;12(5):e1490. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1490

Figure 3: Schematic summarizing the diverse pathologic states that feature either too little or too much GIV.

Figure 3:

Because of its ability to serve as a tunable valve for cellular cAMP concentrations, too high or too low levels of expression of GIV may robustly regulate the tonic levels of cAMP in cells. Low GIV-states are associated with high cAMP (top), high GIV-states are associated with low cAMP (bottom). Text boxes on the right list pathophysiologic conditions associated with deregulated GIV and cAMP states (see also Table).