Table 3.

The characteristics of involuntary and voluntary autobiographical memories in patients with schizophrenia and control participants measured in Study 1.

	Patients with schizophrenia (n = 25)				Control participants (n = 25)				Statistics F(1,38)
	Involuntary		Voluntary		Involuntary		Voluntary		Group		Retrieval		Interaction
	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD	F	${\eta }_p^2$	F	${\eta }_p^2$	F	${\eta }_p^2$
Common measures to Studies 1 & 2
Me-ness*	4.60	0.57	4.56	0.55	4.79	0.31	4.66	0.53	3.80¤	0.09	0.12	0.00	1.40	0.03
Spontaneous rehearsal*	2.81	0.88	2.51	0.85	2.90	0.77	2.34	0.61	0.13	0.00	13.47***	0.27	0.45	0.01
Visual perspective*	2.81	0.99	2.80	1.01	2.86	1.03	2.93	1.08	0.18	0.00	0.54	0.01	0.42	0.01
Belief in occurrence*	4.57	0.58	4.56	0.55	4.64	0.53	6.66	0.53	0.83	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.09	0.00
Emotional components	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Emotional valence*	3.38	0.62	3.66	0.66	3.51	0.49	3.86	0.48	1.52	0.04	14.79***	0.27	0.24	0.01
Negative mood impacta	0.20	0.23	0.08	0.15	0.14	0.13	0.08	0.11	0.66	0.02	17.03***	0.31	1.15	0.03
No mood impacta	0.45	0.30	0.50	0.04	0.54	0.24	0.53	0.21	2.45	0.06	1.04	0.03	2.52	0.06
Positive mood impacta	0.34	0.29	0.41	0.04	0.31	0.17	0.39	0.18	1.46	0.04	3.90¤	0.09	0.70	0.02
Physical reaction*	2.17	0.87	2.18	0.99	2.50	0.81	2.30	0.70	0.23	0.00	1.39	0.03	1.82	0.04
Additional measures (Study 1)
Intrusiveness*	1.97	0.86	1.77	0.92	1.97	0.66	1.70	0.63	0.03	0.00	7.42**	0.16	0.16	0.00
Feeling of control*	2.02	0.88	1.80	0.82	2.02	0.74	1.76	0.75	0.01	0.00	11.24**	0.23	0.08	0.00

^*Ratings from 1 to 5;

^aProportion of memories.

^¤p < 0.10;

^**p < 0.01;

^***p < 0.001.