Table 4.

Retrieval characteristics of involuntary and voluntary autobiographical memories in patients with schizophrenia and control participants, in Study 2.

	Patients with schizophrenia (n = 25)				Control participants (n = 25)				Statistics F(1,48)
	Involuntary		Voluntary		Involuntary		Voluntary		Group		Retrieval		Interaction
	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD	F	${\eta }_p^2$	F	${\eta }_p^2$	F	${\eta }_p^2$
Number of memories	8.37	2.34	9.54	1.18	7.36	2.60	9.92	0.40	0.62	0.01	29.88***	0.39	4.18*	0.08
Log (retrieval time in seconds)	3.58	0.09	3.99	0.23	3.57	0.07	3.95	0.18	0.89	0.02	145.19***	0.76	0.21	0.01
Number of cues	60.21	21.94	12.58	4.82	72.62	15.10	12.50	4.19	4.72*	0.09	383.34***	0.89	5.16*	0.10
Cognitive effort	2.58	1.61	3.72	1.10	1.72	0.68	3.07	1.24	7.22*	0.13	40.32***	0.46	0.29	0.01
Surprise effect	3.53	1.52	3.90	1.27	4.21	1.70	3.97	1.62	1.06	0.02	0.07	0.00	1.57	0.03

^*p < 0.05;

^***p < 0.001.