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. 2020 Oct 22;10:18037. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-74845-9

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Malondialdehyde inhibition of (a) S. mutans, (b) P. gingivalis, (c) F. nucleatum, and (d) P. aeruginosa by hydrogels. The samples were treated with 200 µl MDA and the absorbance was measured at 532 nm. Data are expressed as mean ± S.D. (n = 3). The values with different letters (a–c) represent a significant difference (p < 0.05) analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey multiple comparison test. CCH: κ-carrageenan oligosaccharides linked cellulose nanofibers hydrogel, 100SH: 100 mg surfactin and Herbmedotcin loaded hydrogel, 200SH: 200 mg surfactin and Herbmedotcin loaded hydrogel, and 400SH: 400 mg surfactin and Herbmedotcin loaded hydrogel.