Table 1. Change values in anthropometric measures, blood pressure, lipoproteins, apolipoproteins, and glycemic indices in patients with type 2 diabetes across treatment periods according to the CETP TaqIB genotypes1 .
| Sesame oil | Sesame-Canola oil | Canola oil | P1 | P2 | P3 | |||||||
| B1B1 | B1B2 | B2B2 | B1B1 | B1B2 | B2B2 | B1B1 | B1B2 | B2B2 | ||||
| Weight, kg | 0.27 (0.36) | 0.22 (0.20) | 0.68 (0.36) | -0.32 (0.34) | 0.06 (0.19) | 0.02 (0.35) | 0.25 (0.37) | 0.27 (0.21) | 0.62 (0.38) | 0.140 | 0.245 | 0.885 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 0.10 (0.13) | 0.08 (0.07) | 0.25 (0.13) | -0.11 (0.13) | 0.01 (0.07) | 0.01 (0.13) | 0.08 (0.13) | 0.09 (0.07) | 0.21 (0.14) | 0.160 | 0.285 | 0.914 |
| WC, cm | -0.67 (0.43) | -0.88 (0.24) | 0.05 (0.43) | -0.83 (0.59) | -0.59 (0.34) | -1.08 (0.61) | -0.08 (0.56) | -0.81 (0.32) | -0.47 (0.58) | 0.629 | 0.560 | 0.507 |
| Visceral fat, % | 0.18 (0.14) | 0.08 (0.08) | 0.21 (0.14) | -0.17 (0.28) | 0.10 (0.15) | -0.63 (0.28) | 0.14 (0.12) | 0.12 (0.07) | 0.17 (0.13) | 0.052 | 0.263 | 0.216 |
| Body fat, % | 0.12 (0.51) | 0.29 (0.28) | 0.17 (0.50) | -0.05 (0.43) | -0.05 (0.24) | 0.78 (0.43) | 0.02 (0.32) | 0.37 (0.18) | 0.43 (0.33) | 0.956 | 0.362 | 0.728 |
| Muscle mass, % | -0.04 (0.20) | 0.00 (0.10) | -0.21 (0.19) | 0.04 (0.21) | -0.002 (0.11) | -0.16 (0.21) | 0.03 (0.19) | -0.23 (0.11) | -0.27 (0.19) | 0.741 | 0.258 | 0.925 |
| SBP, mm Hg | 0.26 (0.30) | 0.27 (0.17) | -0.49 (0.30) | 0.33 (0.30) | -0.30 (0.17) | 0.05 (0.30) | 0.19 (0.27) | 0.06 (0.15) | -0.21 (0.27) | 0.998 | 0.086 | 0.219 |
| DBP, mm Hg | 0.14 (0.27) | 0.43 (0.16) | -0.02 (0.27) | 0.11 (0.27) | -0.23 (0.15)a | 0.79 (0.27)b | 0.17 (0.26) | 0.25 (0.15) | 0.20 (0.27) | 0.983 | 0.467 | 0.039 |
| TC, mg/dL | 1.76 (6.55) | 1.81 (3.71) | 3.35 (6.55) | -10.22 (7.00) | 1.38 (4.00) | 2.79 (7.20) | 3.75 (6.06) | 3.17 (3.47) | -1.50 (6.24) | 0.627 | 0.730 | 0.624 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | -0.27 (2.14) | 0.25 (1.17) | -1.02 (2.07) | 2.18 (1.77) | 0.04 (1.01) | 0.08 (1.83) | 0.51 (1.80) | 2.19 (1.04) | 0.11 (1.85) | 0.665 | 0.656 | 0.668 |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | -1.55 (3.72) | 0.68 (2.10) | 1.50 (3.72) | -5.63 (4.22) | 0.06 (2.41) | 0.88 (4.34) | -0.13 (3.68) | 1.69 (2.11) | -0.38 (3.79) | 0.757 | 0.497 | 0.917 |
| TG, mg/dL | 30.47 (18.57) | 4.25 (10.52) | 1.20 (18.57) | -33.63 (15.98) | 9.73 (9.14) | 0.55 (16.44) | 7.69 (16.31) | -8.00 (9.33) | 6.70 (16.78) | 0.314 | 0.992 | 0.064 |
| Lp(a), mg/dL | -2.99 (3.20) | 0.63 (1.77) | -1.35 (3.01) | 6.37 (2.17)a | 0.20 (1.16)b | -0.59 (2.17)b | -3.13 (3.58) | -0.07 (1.98) | -3.63 (3.83) | 0.054 | 0.590 | 0.107 |
| LDL: HDL | -0.12 (0.17) | 0.01 (0.09) | 0.13 (0.17) | -1.29 (0.50) | -0.03 (0.28) | 0.06 (0.51) | 0.75 (0.44) | -0.27 (0.25) | -0.04 (0.45) | 0.161 | 0.762 | 0.027 |
| TC: HDL | -0.20 (0.36) | 0.05 (0.20) | 0.25 (0.35) | -2.82 (1.11) | -0.01 (0.64) | 0.17 (01.15) | 1.67 (0.94) | -0.61 (0.54) | -0.11 (0.96) | 0.179 | 0.793 | 0.024 |
| TG: HDL | -0.23 (0.87) | 0.21 (0.47) | 0.19 (0.84) | -7.00 (2.81) | 0.17 (1.61) | 0.20 (2.89) | 3.69 (2.15) | -1.66 (1.24) | 0.10 (2.21) | 0.192 | 0.733 | 0.025 |
| ApoB, mg/dL | -5.14 (4.87) | -0.03 (2.75) | 2.08 (4.87) | -19.05 (6.12)a | -0.09 (3.50)b | 2.79 (6.29)b | 0.97 (5.20) | 0.59 (2.97) | -0.20 (5.35) | 0.374 | 0.041 | 0.284 |
| ApoA-1, mg/dL | -0.52 (4.54) | -1.37 (2.57) | -0.47 (4.54) | -4.22 (4.625) | 0.14 (2.64) | -1.02 (4.75) | 11.22 (5.20) | 5.06 (2.97) | -1.82 (5.35) | 0.143 | 0.709 | 0.474 |
| ApoB: ApoA-1 | -0.03 (0.03) | 0.008 (0.02) | 0.02 (0.03) | -0.12 (0.04)a | -0.006 (0.02)b | 0.01 (0.04)b | -0.02 (0.03) | -0.02 (0.01) | 0.004 (0.03) | 0.501 | 0.018 | 0.585 |
| FBG, mg/dL | 0.76 (4.74) | 0.34 (2.68) | 5.85 (4.74) | 1.50 (7.27) | -4.84 (4.15) | 0.32 (7.48) | 2.75 (6.92) | 9.00 (3.96) | 9.17 (7.12) | 0.254 | 0.740 | 0.821 |
| Insulin, mIU/mL | -15.07 (3.77)a | -4.75 (2.20)b | 0.76 (3.77)b | -2.23 (3.48) | -6.36 (1.99) | -3.60 (3.58) | -6.97 (3.45) | -2.61 (1.88) | 1.46 (3.57) | 0.411 | 0.031 | 0.086 |
| HOMA-IR | -1.74 (0.45)a | -0.61 (0.26) | 0.10 (0.45)b | -0.28 (0.41) | -0.78 (0.23) | -0.48 (0.43) | -0.88 (0.44) | -0.27 (0.24) | 0.35 (0.44) | 0.379 | 0.024 | 0.082 |
| QUICKI | 0.015 (0.006) | 0.009 (0.003) | 0.000 (0.006) | 0.006 (0.006) | 0.011 (0.003) | 0.008 (0.006) | 0.015 (0.006) | 0.001 (0.003) | -0.005 (0.006) | 0.437 | 0.046 | 0.245 |
| ALP, U/L | 0.76 (5.96) | -0.64 (3.38) | -4.02 (5.96) | -1.58 (7.42) | 0.68 (4.24) | -16.52 (7.63) | -3.25 (4.88) | 3.92 (2.79) | 6.23 (5.03) | 0.200 | 0.319 | 0.272 |
| GGT, U/L | 1.31 (2.68) | -1.47 (1.52) | -0.43 (2.68) | -0.35 (2.95) | 1.09 (1.69) | 1.52 (3.04) | 2.44 (1.87) | 1.02 (1.07) | 3.04 (1.92) | 0.275 | 0.586 | 0.928 |
| AST, U/L | 2.40 (1.72) | 1.00 (0.97) | -2.49 (1.72) | -4.24 (1.94) | -0.80 (1.11) | -0.53 (2.00) | 2.24 (2.08) | -1.55 (1.19) | -0.97 (2.15) | 0.279 | 0.656 | 0.102 |
| ALT, U/L | 1.97 (2.41) | 0.01 (1.36) | -0.73 (2.41) | -2.87 (2.28) | -1.56 (1.30) | -1.60 (2.35) | 3.81 (3.08) | -1.57 (1.76) | 0.89 (3.17) | 0.183 | 0.537 | 0.607 |
1 All data are presented as mean ± standard error. ApoA-1, apolipoprotein A-1; ApoB, apolipoprotein B; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase, BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FBG, fasting blood glucose; GGT, gamma-glutamyltransferase; HDL-C, High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance; LDL-C, Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Lp(a), lipoprotein a; QUICKI, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index; SBP, Systolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, Triglyceride; WC, waist circumference.
a,b values with different superscripts are statistically significant (within treatment period comparisons of change values between genotypes using linear mixed models, adjusted for age, gender, baseline BMI, amount of consumed oils, change levels of physical activity and change in energy intake).
P 1, comparisons of change values between the treatment oils using linear mixed models, adjusted for age, gender, baseline BMI, amount of consumed oils, change levels of physical activity and change in energy intake.
P 2, comparisons of change values between the genotypes using linear mixed models, adjusted for age, gender, baseline BMI, amount of consumed oils, change levels of physical activity and change in energy intake.
P 3, interaction between TaqIB SNP and treatment oils on the outcomes of interest, adjusted for age, gender, baseline BMI, amount of consumed oils, change levels of physical activity and change in energy intake.