TABLE 1.
Demographics and Pre-COVID-19 Clinical Characteristics of Sample
| PTSD (N = 46) |
TE (N = 30) |
Comparison |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | N (%) | χ2 | df | p | |
| Male | 21 (45.7) | 20 (66.7) | 3.23 | 1 | 0.07 |
| Fisher's Exact Test | |||||
| Race | 0.69 | ||||
| Asian | 1 (2.2) | 0 | |||
| Black | 13 (28.3) | 10 (33.3) | |||
| >1 race | 1 (2.2) | 0 | |||
| Other | 3 (6.5) | 0 | |||
| White | 28 (60.9) | 20 (66.7) | |||
| Ethnicity | 0.078 | ||||
| Hispanic/Latino | 9 (19.6) | 1 (3.3) | |||
| Not Hispanic/Latino | 37 (80.4) | 29 (96.7) | |||
| LEC-5 trauma type | 0.15 | ||||
| Combat | 7 (15.2) | 1 (3.3) | |||
| Noncombat interpersonal | 27 (58.7) | 16 (53.3) | |||
| Noninterpersonal | 12 (26.1) | 13 (43.3) | |||
| Alcohol use (≥1 drink per week) | 16 (34.8) | 13 (43.3) | 0.478 | ||
| Cannabis use (≥once per week) | 6 (13.0) | 1 (3.3) | 0.234 | ||
| Mean ± SD | t | df | p | ||
| Age | 62.5 ± 9.0 | 67.4 ± 9.4 | −2.3 | 74 | 0.025 |
| Median (Interquartile Range) | U | p | |||
| Cumulative Illness Rating Scale-Geriatric (CIRS-G) | 4 (0–8) | 3 (1–4) | 1013.5 | 0.13 | |
| PTSD Checklist for DSM5 (PCL-5) | 42 (36–51) | 8 (0–15) | 477.5 | <0.001 | |
| Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM5 (CAPS-5) | 32.5 (27–41) | 1.5 (0–7) | 470.5 | <0.001 | |
| Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) | 16 (8–24) | 3.5 (0–6) | 679.5 | <0.001 | |
| Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) | 17 (8–24) | 2 (0–4) | 655.5 | <0.001 | |
| Inventory for Depressive Symptomatology-Self Report (IDS-SR)* | 33 (23–40) | 10 (4–15) | 535.5 | <0.001 | |
| Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE)* | 29 (28–30) | 29 (28–30) | 1195 | 0.660 | |
| World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS2.0) | 74 (63–90) | 40 (37–49) | 577.5 | <0.001 | |
| Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) | 10 (9–11) | 11 (10–12) | 1331.5 | 0.055 | |
| Minnesota Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire (kcal/wk) | 1302.3 (469.5–2923.9) | 1713 (622.6–2790) | 1230.5 | 0.425 | |
⁎
For IDS-SR, the final N = 74 (one subject is missing from the PTSD group and 1 from the TE group).
U: Mann-Whitney U test statistic; PTSD: post-traumatic stress disorder; TE: trauma-exposed healthy comparison group.