Table 2.
Interventions, life-sustaining therapies and outcomes described in the included studies
| Author | NIV | HFNO | MV | ECMO | RRT | Vasopressors | ICU LOS (days) | ICU mortality | Hospital mortality |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arentz et al. [10] | 4 (19.5%) | 1 (4.8%) | 15 (71%) | NA | NA | 14 (67%) | NA | 11 (52.4%) | NA |
| Auld et al. [14] | NA | NA | 165 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 52 (23.9%) | NA |
| Bhatraju et al. [15] | NA | 10 (42%) | 18 (75%) | NA | NA | NA | NA | 12 (50%) | NA |
| CDC Report [35] | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 6.1 | 103 (20.4%) | NA |
| Chen et al. [17] | 13 (13%) | NA | 4 (4%) | 3 (3%) | 8 (8.6%) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Chen et al. [16] | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Epimed report [36] | 8179 (22.5%) | NA | 15 921 (43,8%) | NA | 5525 (15.2%) | 12 577 (34.6%) | 11.9 | 12 432 (34.2%) | 12 868 (35.4%) |
| Grasseli et al. [5] | 137 (11%) | NA | 1150 (88%) | 5 (1%) | NA | NA | NA | 405 (26%) | NA |
| Guan et al. [19] | 56 (5.1%) | NA | 25 (2.3%) | 5 (0.5%) | 9 (0.8%) | NA | 12.8 | NA | 15 (1.4%) |
| Huang et al. [8] | 10 (24%)a | 2 (5%) | 2 (5%) | NA | NA | NA | 6 (15%) | NA | |
| Huang et al. [29] | 2 (5.1%)a | 3 (8.80%) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| ICNARC report [6] | NA | NA | 7355 (72.2%)c | NA | 2707 (27%) | 1583 (20.6%) | 12 & | 4023 (40%) | NA |
| ISARIC report [2] | 5070 (56.7%) | 1928 (53%) | 5375 (14.3%) | 221 (2.73%) | 1262 (16%) | 3406 (43.8%) | 9.0 | 3348 (30%) | 17 031 (28%) |
| Liang et al. [32] | NA | NA | 50 (3.14%) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 50 (3.14%) |
| Lin et al. [30] | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Mo et al. [19] | NA | NA | 36 (23.3%) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| NICE report Netherland [37] | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 633 (23%) | NA |
| Petrilli et al. [33] | NA | NA | 647 (23.6%) | NA | NA | NA | 7 | NA | NA |
| Qian et al. [20] | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Richardson et al. [21] | NA | NA | 320 (12.2%) | NA | NA | NA | 4.1 | NA | 553 (21%) |
| Wan et al. [9] | 34 (25.2%) | NA | 1 (0.7%) | 0 (0%) | 5 (3.7%) | NA | NA | 1 (0.7%) | NA |
| Wang et al. [23] | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 11.0 | NA | NA |
| Wang et al. [22] | 15 (10.9%) | NA | 17 (12.32%) | 4 (2.9%) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Wu et al. [3] | 61 (30.3%) | NA | 5 (2.5%) | 1 (0.5) | NA | NA | NA | NA | 44 (21.9%) |
| Xu et al. [24] | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Xu et al. [25] | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0 (0%) | NA |
| Yang et al. [31] | 29 (4%) | 33 (63.5%) | 22 (42%) | 6 (11·5%) | 9 (17%) | 18 (35%) | NA | NA | 32 (61·5%)b |
| Young et al. [4] | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Zangrillo et al. [34] | NA | NA | 33 (45.2%) | NA | NA | NA | NA | 17 (23.3%) | NA |
| Zhang et al. [26] | 27 (12.2%) | NA | 16 (7.2%) | 10 (4.5%) | NA | NA | NA | 48 (21.8%) | NA |
| Zheng et al. [27] | NA | NA | 1 (4%) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Zhou et al. [28] | NA | 41 (21%) | 32 (17%) | 3 (2%) | 10 (5%) | NA | 8 | 54 (28%) | NA |
| Overall | 13 637/53 574 (25,5%) | 2013/9948 (20,5%) | 31 213/53 465 (58%) | 265/11 385 (2.3%) | 2184/13 187 (16.6%) | 17 580/62 232 (28%) | 9.0 (95% CI 6.5 – 11.2) | 21 145/65 383(32.3%) | 30 593/102 355 (29,87%) |
NA, not available; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; NIV, non-invasive ventilation; MV, mechanical ventilation; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; HFOT, high-flow oxygen therapy.
a
The studies described together the number of NIVs and HFOTs.
b
This study described the 28-day mortality.
c
This study described the use of MV only in the first 24 h after admission, and in this study we considered length of ICU stay of survivors.