. 2020 Oct 15;11(10):425–434. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v11.i10.425

Table 2.

Characteristics of individuals with pulmonary function in normal, impaired fasting glucose, and type 2 diabetic subjects

	Normal, n = 1608	IFG, n = 934	T2DM, n = 288
Age (yr)¹	53.63 ± 0.31^a	56.23 ± 0.40^b	58.95 ± 0.71^c
Male (%)¹	42.9 ± 1.3^a	58.2 ± 1.7^b	62.0 ± 3.5^b
RPD/OPD (%)¹	6.2/11.5^a	8.4/13.3^b	18.1/15.9^c
HOMA-IR¹	1.45 ± 0.03^a	2.49 ± 0.06^b	5.52 ± 0.58^c
HOMA-beta¹	84.75 ± 1.58^a	76.38 ± 1.93^b	48.56 ± 3.96^c
HbA1c (%)¹	5.47 ± 0.01^a	5.79 ± 0.02^b	7.61 ± 0.12^c
Hs-CRP (mg/L)¹	0.94 ± 0.04^a	1.34 ± 0.09^b	2.04 ± 0.30^c
Fasting insulin (UIU/mL)¹	6.42 ± 0.12^a	9.35 ± 0.24^b	13.02 ± 1.05^c
BMI (kg/m²)¹	23.63 ± 0.08^a	24.97 ± 0.11^b	25.19 ± 0.22^b
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)¹	90.84 ± 0.16^a	107.44 ± 0.26^b	168.79 ± 3.34^c
Waist circumference (cm)¹	81.52 ± 0.24^a	86.44 ± 0.31^b	88.32 ± 0.57^c
SBP (mmHg)¹	117.92 ± 0.46^a	123.00 ± 0.58^b	126.55 ± 1.14^c
DBP (mmHg)¹	76.39 ± 0.32^a	78.18 ± 0.39^b	77.10 ± 0.75^a
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)¹	196.00 ± 0.96^a	198.67 ± 1.46^a	186.82 ± 2.73^b
LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)¹	118.77 ± 0.91^a	120.50 ± 1.30^a	107.90 ± 2.26^b
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)¹	51.71 ± 0.39^a	48.25 ± 0.46^b	45.30 ± 0.72^c
Triglyceride (mg/dL)¹	130.65 ± 3.08^a	166.09 ± 5.44^b	216.02 ± 15.20^c
Smoking status (%) (non-/ex-/current smoker)¹	59.9/22.1/18.0^a	46.6/32.0/21.4^b	45.6/31.7/22.8^b
Drinking alcohol status (%) (non-/current drinking)	26.4/73.6	23.6/76.4	28.9/71.1
FVC (% predicted)¹	3.61 ± 0.26^a	3.72 ± 0.04^b	3.56 ± 0.07^a
FEV1 (L)¹	2.81 ± 0.02^a	2.86 ± 0.03^ab	2.72 ± 0.05^ac
FEV1/FVC¹	0.78 ± 0.00^a	0.77 ± 0.00^b	0.77 ± 0.01^b
PEF (L/sec)¹	7.42 ± 0.06^a	7.73 ± 0.09^b	7.48 ± 0.15^ab

P < 0.05 by ANOVA or chi-square test. ^a,b,cThe same letters indicate non-significant difference between groups based on Bonferroni multiple comparison test. Data were presented as means ± SD or n (%). IFG: Impaired fasting glucose; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Hs-CRP: Hs-C-reactive protein; BMI: Body mass index; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; LDL-cholesterol: Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol; HDL-cholesterol: High density lipoprotein-cholesterol; FVC: Forced vital capacity; FEV1: Forced expiratory volume 1.