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. 2020 Oct 22;10:18039. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-75015-7

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Voxel-wise analyses within the ventral temporal cortex (VTC) using language regions as the seed. (a) Heatmaps for voxels with connectivity to language regions in representative neonates and adults, thresholded at z(r) greater than 0.1 (p < 0.001). Results were project to individuals’ surfaces and visualized with Freeview from FreeSurfer (v6.0.0). (b) Parametrically increasing the threshold of FC from the median to the 95th percentile within VTC, we quantified how many of these voxels belonged in each functional region using Dice coefficient. Averaged FC (Fisher’s z transformed) across neonates (n = 40; 50th: z(r) = 0.25, p < 0.001; 95th: z(r) = 0.52, p < 0.001; Average FC across adults (n = 40; 50th: z(r) = 0.22, p < 0.001; 95th: z(r) = 0.45, p < 0.001). Error bars denote s.e.m across participants. *Significant paired t-test (VWFA vs. average of other functional regions, p < 0.05, corrected).