Table 1.
Socio-demographic and behavioral distribution of the humans with and without TB disease at Kathmandu valley and Kavre district in Nepal.
| Determinants | Total (N = 290) |
Cases (n = 145) |
Controls (n = 145) |
|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
| Age category (Mean age = 37.27 years) | |||
| 1–15 | 11 (3.8) | 6 (4.1) | 5 (3.4) |
| 16–30 | s127 (43.8) | 70 (48.3) | 57(39.3) |
| 31–45 | 64 (22.1) | 25 (17.2) | 39 (26.9) |
| 46–60 | 53 (18.3) | 21 (14.5) | 32 (22.1) |
| 61–75 | 26 (9.0) | 18 (12.4) | 8 (5.5) |
| >75 | 9 (3.1) | 5 (3.4) | 4 (2.8) |
| Sex | |||
| Female | 129 (44.5) | 61 (42.1) | 68 (46.9) |
| Male | 161 (55.5) | 84 (57.9) | 77 (53.1) |
| Education level | |||
| Illiterate | 74 (25.5) | 38 (26.2) | 36 (24.8) |
| Literate (without formal education) | 36 (12.4) | 16 (11.0) | 20 (13.8) |
| Primary level | 59 (20.3) | 32 (22.1) | 27 (18.6) |
| Secondary level | 54 (18.6) | 23 (15.9) | 31 (21.4) |
| Higher Secondary (+2) | 31 (10.7) | 14 (9.7) | 17 (11.7) |
| University | 36 (12.4) | 22 (15.2) | 14 (9.7) |
| Occupation | |||
| Housewives | 65 (22.4) | 19 (13.1) | 46 (31.7) |
| Farmer | 43 (14.8) | 21(14.5) | 22 (15.2) |
| Business | 22 (7.6) | 11 (7.6) | 11 (7.6) |
| Student | 54 (18.6) | 35 (24.1) | 19 (13.1) |
| Others (drivers, labors, service people) | 106 (36.6) | 59 (40.7) | 47 (32.4) |
| Ethnicity | |||
| Janajati | 203(70.0) | 98 (67.6) | 105 (72.4) |
| Bhramin | 39 (13.4) | 17 (11.7) | 22 (15.2) |
| Chettri | 29 (10.0) | 18 (12.4) | 11 (7.6) |
| Dalit | 12 (4.1) | 7 (4.8) | 5 (3.4) |
| Others | 7 (2.4) | 5 (3.4) | 2 (1.4) |
| Residence | |||
| Rural | 90 (31.0) | 41(28.3) | 49 (33.8) |
| Urban | 200 (69.0) | 104 (71.7) | 96 (66.2) |
| BCG vaccination history | |||
| Yes | 111(38.3) | 59 (40.7) | 52 (35.9) |
| No | 72 (24.8) | 37 (22.5) | 35 (24.1) |
| Don't remember | 107 (36.9) | 49 (33.8) | 58 (40.0) |
| Family type | |||
| Joint | 132 (45.5) | 61(42.1) | 71 (49.0) |
| Nuclear | 158 (54.5) | 84 (57.9) | 74 (51.0) |
| Family size | |||
| 1–3 | 62 (21.4) | 36 (24.8) | 26 (17.9) |
| 4–6 | 162 (55.9) | 79 (54.5) | 83 (57.2) |
| 7–9 | 66 (22.8) | 30 (20.7) | 36 (24.8) |
| Smoking habit before | |||
| Yes | 75 (25.9) | 52 (35.9) | 23 (15.9) |
| No | 215 (74.1) | 93 (64.1) | 122 (84.1) |
| Alcohol consumption habit before | |||
| Yes | 86 (29.7) | 48 (33.1) | 38 (26.2) |
| No | 204 (70.3) | 97 (66.9) | 107 (73.8) |
| Previous TB History | |||
| Yes | 46 (15.9) | 39 (26.9) | 7 (4.8) |
| No | 244 (84.1) | 106 (73.1) | 138 (95.2) |
| Contact with cattle or unpasteurized dairy product consumption | |||
| Yes | 156 (53.8) | 93(64.1) | 63 (43.4) |
| No | 134 (46.2) | 52(35.9) | 82 (56.6) |
| Locations | |||
| Kathmandu | 113 (39.0) | 61 (42.1) | 52 (35.9) |
| Bhaktapur | 96 (33.1) | 49 (33.8) | 47 (32.4) |
| Lalitpur | 44 (15.2) | 21 (14.5) | 23 (15.9) |
| Kavre | 37 (12.8) | 14 (9.7) | 23 (15.9) |