Table 4.
Stride length prediction errors, mean error (ME), mean absolute error (MAE), and normalized absolute percentage error (NAPE) for multiple contemporary network architectures.
| Models | ME ± STD (cm) Validation Set |
ME ± STD (cm) Test Set |
MAE ± STD (cm) Validation Set |
MAE ± STD (cm) Test Set |
NAPE ± STD (%) Validation Set |
NAPE ± STD (%) Test Set |
Number Of Parameters |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CNN [23] | 0.5 ± 4.2 | −2.2 ± 9.7 | 3.4 ± 2.9 | 8.2 ± 6.2 | 3 ± 2.5 | 7.2 ± 5.5 | 2,079,921 |
| CNN [17] | 0.4 ± 3.7 | −2.4 ± 8.7 | 2.9 ± 2.6 | 7.6 ± 6.1 | 2.5 ± 2.2 | 6.8 ± 5.5 | 148,529 |
| FCN [35] | −2.7 ± 3.9 | −4.8 ± 9.1 | 8.4 ± 3.5 | 11.9 ± 7.1 | 7.3 ± 3 | 10.5 ± 6.3 | 277,121 |
| ResNet [35] | 0.5 ± 3.9 | −1.9 ± 9.6 | 5.1 ± 3.2 | 9.1 ± 6.4 | 4.4 ± 2.8 | 8.1 ± 5.7 | 229,953 |
| MLSTM-FCN [36] | 1.0 ± 3.6 | −1.2 ± 9.4 | 6.1 ± 3.1 | 9.5 ± 6.8 | 5.3 ± 2.7 | 8.3 ± 6 | 277,801 |
| MALSTM-FCN [36] | 1.0 ± 3.7 | −0.8 ± 9.0 | 6.9 ± 3.2 | 10.3 ± 6.5 | 5.9 ± 2.7 | 9.1 ± 5.7 | 278,361 |
| Hannink et al. [23] | NA | −0.15± 6.1 | NA | NA | 2,079,921 | ||
| Zrenner et al. [17] | NA | 2.5 ± 20.1 | NA | 15.3 |